Customer Service Supervisor Training Program Essay Example for Free

Customer Service Supervisor Training Program showKSA requirements Program Objectives At the programs conclusion participants shouldKnowledge * be familiar with relevant university, secernate and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations to ensure customer satisfaction acquisition * have all personal computer skills required to tellingly work in the assigned work whole* be able to diffuse a variety of hostile and unpleasant customer situations* be competent in managing staff and the customer service work unitAbility* identify and align to different customer communication styles and cultural backgrounds and to recognize and resolve their needs * adopt excellent time management procedures while adhering to relevant rules, processes and directives* assume effective problem solving proceduresProgram AgendaModule and rationaleGoalsTraining Methods1. Policies and ProceduresIn order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must first be familiar and be ab le to work within required polices and procedures. gain and work within the constraints of relevant university,state and federal policies, systems, procedures and regulations1 mean solar day shop classPPT., individual, pair and group activities.(Participants will be provided with a folio all documentation for future reference.)2. Personal ready reckoner SkillsIn order for a CSS to effectively operate within the work unit he/she must be informed and able to use university culture systems and databases, together with a number of softwargon applications. obtain a competent working knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets, university information systems and databases, software applications1 day workshopPPT, hands-on computer tuorial4 ongoing weekly online tutorials3. Understanding Customers and their needsCustomers possess different styles of behaviour and learning how to adjust to those differing styles improves customer service and communication. translate the process of commu nication and the cultural battles that prevail, develop skills in overcoming barriers to communication, understand the importance of body language in communication, day workshopPPT, individual, pair and group activities day in the work unit role plays4. Action LeadershipTo be an effective leader, a CSS needs to develop their own leadership skills and personal authority, as well as investigate tactics for building a strong and supportive team, handle difficult problems competently, and take accountability for end results. understand how to be an effectiveleader, understand how people are motivated, be better able to use thetalents of individual members within the work unit, be able todevelop hardheaded action plans1 day workshopPPT, individual, pair group activitiesTake home action plan assignment5. Time ManagementOne of the biggest challenges a CSS has to face is managing their time. They are often inundated with questions, queries and wants form all sides staff, customers and ma nagement. The ability to identify and focus their attention on the most important tasks is often the difference between a successful or unsuccessful CSS. understand the importance of time in the role of CSS, identify priorities, allocate time between motley activities, develop time schedules, deal with the unexpected.1 day workshopPPT, individual, pair and group activities6. Managing Conflict and problem solvingNot all customers are easy to manage and an effective CSS must develop effective conflict management and resolution skills to ensure customer satisfaction. These skills will also carry crossways to conflict issues within the work unit.understand the approach to problem solving, encourage prompt problem-solving through prompt personal action, evaluate the choices and choose the optimum solutions, understand the principles of negotiation day workshopPPT, individual, pair and group activities day in the work unit role playsEvaluationParticipants will be given a series of scena rios, and at specific points they will be asked to indicate how they would respond. The scenarios will be realistic, using pictures, sound files, background information and video clips. In this was, a variety of behavioral measures will be gathered in a short period of time, and the process will not be dependent on the subjective judgments of examiners.

Islamic Fundamentalism Essay Example for Free

Islamic Fundamentalism Essay20 March 2007 Introduction On September 11, 2001, the United States of America experience the worst act of terrorism ever perpetrated on Ameri support soil, as major targets in New York, Washington DC, and Pennsylvania were the scenes of the massive slaughter of loose civilians. From the moment that the first act commenced, the rumor mill flew into everyplacedrive, conveniently blaming the terrorism on militant Islamic people, and implying that this bmment had suddenly sprung up out of obscureness to strike at the heart of America like a thief in the night. The reality is much more complex, for fundamentalist Islam has a much nightlong history, and the threat it continues to pose to western hemisphereern nation, even today, had been growing and mutating for generations prior to 9/11. In this paper, the very definition of fundamentalism at its beginning will be presented, as well as the perversion of it that has led to the challenges and threats the West now has come to bear. Roots of Fundamentalism.To begin, one needs to understand two very different and limited terms followers of Islam and Islamic Fundamentalists, as the two groups are vastly different, yet both claim legitimacy under the same doctrine. In its purest form, Islam is ground upon the ancient teachings of the prophet Muhammad, who was said to have been given the Quran, or holy book of Islam, by God himself, with Muhammad as the messenger and deliverer of the Quran and its teachings to the people (Davidson).If one were to follow the teachings of Islam in a more traditional sense, as Muhammad is said to have received the word from God, they would be peaceful, obedient servants of God, and Muhammad, in that locationby enriching their lives, cosmetic surgery solid families and leaving the world a better place than what is was when they were born into it. Eventually, however, political turmoil distorted this message and gave rise to a strain of Islam that is cognise as Fundamentalism or Extremism, depending upon the source of the material.This interpretation of Islam and the Quran takes the inflexible view that those who do not believe in Islam, and follow the Quran, are characterized as Infidels, and the price of their infidelity to Islam is death. Of course, the Christian ideals of the West make America a convenient target of this sort of massive hatred, but this hatred has also been fueled over the years by Americas defense of other enemies of the fundamentalists/extremists such as the people of Turkey and Israel (Mustikhan).Eventually, the rage of these Islamics would erupt against the US on a large scale, beginning in the 1970s. The Islamic Terrorist is Born It is generally agreed that those who are today termed Islamic Terrorists were first given that moniker by the West in 1979, when the United States Embassy in Tehran, Iran was seized by terrorists, taking hundreds of American diplomats and their support staffs hostage in a si ege that ultimately lasted 444 days, and brought the United States to the brink of contend with Iran.The group of Iranians and assorted others who were in essence the foot soldiers who undertook the plot, led by the extremist leader Ayatollah Khomeini, came to be called Islamic Terrorists (Hoveyda). From there, the stereotype of what a terrorist is, and their voltage to wreak havoc on innocent people, began to grow in the minds of the world community. panics to Western Democracy Due to the widespread presence of Islamic Extremists/ unpeacefuls, the threat to Western Democracy has become very real, and of course has manifested itself in such tragedies as the Iran Hostage Crisis and 9/11.Given the humble beginnings and admirable teachings that are found in the Quran, and were exhibited by Muhammad and carried down by his disciples, it is a wonderment as to exactly how/why Islam eventually spawned a militant faction which goes against the foundations of the faith itself. In a word, the waste offshoot is the byproduct of fanaticism. Fanatics are those members of the Islamic community who have taken the position that any government, or religion (in their mind, they should be one in the same) that does not practice the teachings of the Quran are the equivalent of parasites that must be eradicated for the good of the human race.The defense of this attitude, and the resultant violence which comes out of the attitude, is due to misinterpretation of the Quran, therefrom making these individuals worthy of the extremist label. Because the Islamic Extremists have convinced themselves that they are doing the will of God, as laid out in their creative interpretation of the Quran, there quite literally is nothing stopping them from continuing to launch attacks against the Western Democracies, as well as other infidels who hold views and practice lifestyles which are setback to theirs.One particularly chilling reality of the threat against Western Democracy is the fact that Islamic Extremists, while found in large numbers in some nations more commonly than others, really do not have a nation with borders, do not fly an identifiable flag, or outwear a uniform that indicates that they are Islamic Extremists, despite what the leadership of the United States may choose to claim in the present day. Rather, the Extremists have the ability to move freely about the globe and do not have a set territory where organized armies can pursue and battle them.This sort of an invisible threat, not centered in a geographic location but highly organized and well financed as well as armed to the hilt, holds the potential to destroy their enemies, such as the Western Democracies, which are somewhat restrained by physical borders and the need to engage in conventional warfare. Because of this, the paradox is clear- how can an enemy be fought if it cannot be readily seen or tracked? Also, the inability to negotiate with Islamic Extremists closes another avenue of reso lving differences and stopping the bloodshed.Conclusion- What is the Future Threat? This paper has shown that Fundamental Islam has the means, mindset, and determination to bring Western Democracy to its knees, as well as the point of annihilation. What this will mean for the future is anyones guess but one thing is for sure- without some sort of decisive action against Islamic Fundamentalists, many more innocent lives may be lost, and hard lessons may be learned too late and at too high of a price.Works CitedDavidson, Lawrence. Islamic Fundamentalism. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 1998. Hoveyda, Fereydoun. The Broken Crescent The Threat of Militant Islamic Fundamentalism. Westport, CT Praeger, 1998. Marin-Guzman, Roberto. Fanaticism A Major Obstacle in the Muslim Christian Dialogue. the Case of Twentieth Century Islamic Fundamentalism. Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) 25. 3 (2003) 63+. Mustikhan, Ahmar. The Roots of Islamic Extremism. World and I July 1999 74.

French and Indian War Essay Example for Free

French and Indian War EssayThe French and Indian War altered the political, economic, and ideological relations among Britain and American colonies. Ideologically, this War brought up resentment to ward Britain this changed the political kindred amid Britain and its colonists because the British were forced to un sightlyly tax them due to their debt. The French and Indian war transformed North America by only leaving the British and the colonists left in their region. Greedy as the British were they did not treat the colonists fair by taxing them leash to resentment that lead to the American Revolution. After the French and Indian War, North America completely changed. Before 1754 English, French, Spanish, and the Russians had a fragment of North America that they had power over. After 1763 the French were completely left out and had no land at all. (Document A) This impacted Britain and American colonists politically because it lead to the Proclamation of 1763 where Native Americans believed that the white people were not allowed to settle in their land that they had inhabited for hundreds of years. (Document .B) Britain thought that with the proclamation everything would turn out great, but it did not it just angered the colonists. They were angry because they believed they had no freedom.After the French and Indian War, England had to pay off a enormous debt that had been accumulating over the years. The only way they saying to pay this was to regulate trade meaning that they would have fully control and know who and what they are trading with, and to tax everything. Britain made these changes and angered the colonists even to a greater extent because the colonists felt it was not fair that all of a sudden they started taxing everything. (Document F)Taxation had a huge impact on the economic relationship between the colonists and their mother country because many of these acts forced the Americans to ship their raw materials to Britain, only to la ter buy the finished products from them. Mercantilism was soon abandoned when the colonists rebelled. An act that rattling angered the colonists was the Stamp act. Colonists furious of these taxations used boycotting as their weapon, they practiced non-importation and non-consumption. Although hurting the colonists and the British, the British soon came to realize that they were not messing around.(Document G)Colonists coming together and boycotting these acts had a huge impact on the British ideological values. The colonists felt that taxation was another thing that they should be mad at the British for. It added more stuff to what was already going on. The colonists were already mad about the Proclomation and just taxing everything did not make colonists happier. The colonists soon came to understand that they had little to no freedom which lead to the root word of becoming independent. Thinking that they could stand on their deliver. They dont need the British. (Document D)The French and Indian war brought up resentment toward the british this changed the political relationship between Britain and the colonists because of the taxation that the British put on everything. Colonists began to change their mindset from being one whole colony to believing that they could stand on their own and become independent thus leading to the Revolution.

Analysing The Virtue Of Patience Philosophy Essay

Analysing The Virtue Of assiduity Philosophy EssayIn to twenty-four hour period s fast paced world, where affairs happen with click of a button, we be growing in patient. Gone are the days when volume were patient becoming to wait for days for the computer to produce the results, today we expect things to happen at speed of thought. We want success, money, happiness instantly without waiting, but alas Ask any successful person and you will know the virtue of intentness.Ancient intelligence like Bhagwat Gita has recognized importance of assiduity through quotes like Little by little, through perseverance and repeated effort, the mind will become stilled in the Self. If we examine our self as a part of nature we will realize that even nature creates change very slowly and is extremely patient. Ralph Waldo Emerson maybe said it best in one simple lineAdopt the pace of nature, her secret is patience and that patience can improve life and mother it c overleapr to perfection if you understand nature and work with it patiently.Nature exhibits patience in various forms. For example considering the growth of seeds into trees- when we plant a seed and pee it, it slowly turns into a flower and then into a fruit. The seed had to be planted, watered, and then be given time to grow into what it is meant to be.Without prior efforts and in absence seizure of planting or watering or the nurturing the seed would not have sprung above the surface. It could not develop into its current form without each that patience, time and efforts.In order to be able to get success or any goals we set we have to practice patience. forbearance is different from waiting. instead we have to do the work first, lay the foundation, plant the seed, make sure the soil is compensate prepare derive ready and then wait for all the elements to come into start before making the right decision that will drive us to greater success.Conceptual FrameworkDefinition word web defines patience as Good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence . Other sources like Webster define patience as patience is the state of endurance under elusive circumstances. It is also used to refer to the character trait of organism steadfast.From the above definitions we can deduce that patience is a state of persevering in causa things constrict time or get delayed without negatively reacting or becoming sad or go throughing provocated, or exhibiting patience when faced with difficulties which allot a long time.Scope This study focuses on importance of patience on individual and group behavior and performance. Importance of patience will be studied in two dimensions, first is the patience of waiting for a certain time period to end. This is perhaps what we normally mean when we use the marches patience.Second, it is keeping one s mind free of distractions. It is perhaps just important when one is trying using one s mind on an important task that does not compel one s emotions.Methodo logy Individuals will be interviewed independently to access the implication of the patience in day to day life and performance professional life. Implications of patience on group performance would be projected based on the study and observations in general. louver spate will be separately interviewed with diverse profiles across age and profession. They include 3 students, one lady of the house and a bank officer. The reason for choosing people with different profile is to gravel out whether patience is a quality consistent across profession or does it vary across gender or work environment.Review of LiteraturePatience A Little Book of Inner Strength (Eknath Easwaran) the excerpts of the book giving its epitome are now quoted below-Patience is the ornament of the brave, Easwaran s wise grandmother used to say. In relationships, patience is the mark of love. An experienced spiritual teacher who combines humor with practicality, Easwaran gives powerful insights and sometimes surp rise advice for developing patience at home and at work. Stories offer quiet interludes throughout this little book. Anecdotes or so animals, sports stars, and happy family outings make these short, varied readings as socialise as they are instructive. Gentle reminiscences of India, tales from Easwaran s Hindu heritage, and inspiration from Gandhi and the world s saints lift our spirits and give us courage. Just keep trying, Easwaran says, and you ll assure there s no end to your patience no end to the wisdom, love, and compassion in your heart.Economist Magazinehttp//www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9898270This article elaborates- Studies conducted to correlate pestilent human traits such as patience and fairness with that to closest evolutionary relatives of human, apes such as chimpanzee. The article mentions that the essence of patience is the ability to delay the felicity of an appetite in favor of a greater ultimate reward. Past tests of the degree to w hich animals other than people can delay their gratification have centre on birds and monkeys. Both groups can delay gratification if a bigger reward is on offer, but only for a few seconds.Human, All also Human in this paper, philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche argued that -Being able to wait is so with child(p) that the greatest poets did not disdain to make the inability to wait the theme of their poetry. He notes that affectionateness will not wait, and gives the example of cases of duels, in which the advising friends have to determine whether the parties involved might be able to wait a while longer. If they cannot, then a duel is reasonable becauseto wait would be to continue injury the horrible torture of offended honor.Patience and Religion Source Wikipedia.org Patience is one of just about important virtue as recognized by most of the important religions.o Judaism Patience and fortitude are prominent themes in Judaism. The Talmud extols patience as an important person-t o-person trait.o Christianity In the Christian religion, patience is considered as a very valuable virtue that it propagates people to imbibe. Increasing patience is viewed as the work of the Holy Ghost in the Christianity. This holy God who has accepted the gift of salvation. Patience is also regarded as one of the seven virtues in Christianity which are--alongside chastity,-temperance,-charity,-diligence,-kindness, and-humilityo Islam Patience in Islam is one of the best and most valuable virtues of life. Through patience, a Muslim believes that an individual can grow closer to Allah and thus fix true peace.o Eastern Religion In Buddhism, patience (Skt. kshanti Pali khanti) is one of the perfections that a bodhisattva trains in and practices to realize perfect enlightenment also known as Bodhi.Patience is also praised in Hinduism, particularly in the Bhagavad Gita. In both Hinduism and Buddhism there is a particular emphasis on meditation which leads to patience, and an effectiv e and well-organized thought. ameliorate Anger The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective This book is written by Dalai Lama. In this book he has attempted to address the cut down of anger. He argues that the issue of anger can be remedied through patience. He has suggested some meditation practices even for novice people. The book seems to be hard to hound if one is not much familiar with Buddhist scripture.Empirical Study and GeneralizationData Collection method employed Interview.To study the implication of patience on individuals, I carried interview of individuals with different social and professional background. The interview consisted set of 10 questions and the answers were first recorded and then analysed to take cues and then decision the similarities and dissimilarities across the answers of the interviewees.The 10 questions used for this study are given below-Q1. Do you get fidgety if things that you want do not happen or take a lot of time to happen?Q2. Why do you behave the way you do?Q3. Are you patient in every situation alike or does your behavior depends on some factors?Q4. Do you think being patient helps?Q5. Whenever you are patient is it because you feel it will help make things right i.e. had you known that situation is surely going to worsen and you can t help in a situation will you still try to be patient?Q6. Did you develop patience over the course of your life because of certain incidents/ experiences or have you always been patientQ7. How do you react if someone is being impatient or restless in front of you?Q8. What is your impact on others when they behave impatiently, do you find success in convincing them about not being impatient?Q9. Do you take any efforts to be more patient (like meditating, yoga etc?)Q10. When are you normally more impatient? When anticipating good things or when you feel bad things may happenFindings of study and GeneralizationInterviewee A This person appears to be impatient she understands the i mportance of patience and is ready to help others if they are impatient. She lacks the motivating to be patient but would like to earn techniques like yoga to get self control. She would need to learn meditation, self motivation to act patient in good and bad situation.Interviewee B This person appears more patient than the others. He has developed his patience over the course of life. He is firm believer in god and has learned to accept which are beyond control. He values personal relationships over materialism and hence whatever impatience he experiences is only confined to personal matters which are close to his heart.Interviewee C She practices yoga to gain self control. She has developed patience after shouldering the responsibility of younger siblings. She appears to accept good thing and do not show over enthusiasm. She needs to learn to help other impatient people. She knows her level of patience and has clear goals and targets.Interviewee D She being housewife has more car e about family. She has accepted her berth as homemaker and believes in letting others take the decision this acceptance has made her more patient in non family matters.Interviewee E She gets impatient if her activities make trouble to others. She has followed mentor approach for encouragement. She shows acceptance for the things beyond control and tries to be aloof from them.Generalizations-Above analysis shows that people show various degree of patience. Their profession, experience, age and family has considerable impact on how they learn to accept the thing and get along with the problems.There is awareness about the techniques to develop patience in all the age groups but people normally don t follow them as they don t get time or are unable to manage their time for it.Personal problems have more impact on the level of patience and this trait appears to be common among respondents.Similarly Bad incidents have more impact on patience than good .Mostly there is a willingness to help others in case of trouble.I also deduced that normally patience is a trait that can be acquired and developed over the course of time. People find motivation to become patience on seeing the negative repercussions of being impatient that they experienced in their past or saw people experience in their past.They also find motivation by looking at the positive effects that patience as a virtue brings along.It was also seen that patient people are part at convincing others or making them feel calmer as compared to impatient people.Lastly a surprising finding was that people normally behave patiently because they feel it will help them achieve their immediate goals and not because it is a part of their intricate nature. i.e the desire to be patient is more driven by its perceived benefits than by the fact that it is a established virtue.Implication of Group WorkPatience is one of the one of the most important virtue to possess. Patience can have positive impact on individual and h ence group performance.Being haste to get results hampers the ability of an individual to consider all the possible option for solution of a problem. It often leads to suboptimum choice and hence failure. Being patient does not means more time, but it s an wound up state wherein individual is not concerned about the quick output at cost of quality or effectiveness.Patience is the ability to perceive hard enough till desired output is obtained. All the major scientific breakthroughs had lot of hard work and patience behind it.Patience plays major role in negotiations, which demands a win-win situation for the negotiating parties.Individuals need to develop patience by assessing their current level of patience. One needs to set the goals and work hard enough to achieve them.Impatient people are ofteno Dissatisfiedo Withdraw prematurely in jobs, relationships etco Feel overwhelmed by the goals and lose motivationWhen one grows patient stress is reduced and one enjoys the process of ac complishments without getting overwhelmed by the time. It makes individual to relax and develop healthy lifestyle and achieve effectively.Individuals when work in group, the leader need to be patient and motivate the others to be patient in achieving group objectives. Impatient leader cause sharp actions by group which often is destructive and may cause delay or disorientation from group objectives. Patience is thus one of the most valuable qualities to possess for betterment of an individual and society.Contribution to OBPatience leads to a stable mind which is better at concentrating, and hence indirectly patience is cogitate to a positive work performance.Its impact on job performance and hence satisfaction makes it a very important topic of study from the foreshadow of view of organizational behaviour.From this study, I have established that even impatient people perceive the value of being patient and that patience can be inculcated by various means like meditating, practici ng yoga or by following positive reinforcement for people who are already patient.This study is a parcel to OB as it forms a base which can be further built upon by conducting further research on effectiveness of the techniques to establish patience and how to maximize the gains or benefits that one derives out of being patient in a organization.ConclusionTime is subjective. When one is one is enjoying the time flies. In suffering time seems forever and leads to impatience and grief. Patience makes one to learn acceptance and overcome the grief. Being patient can have positive results in ones professional, personal and spiritual life. Patience can be learnt through religious techniques such as meditation. Patience is in nature, look around in nature and regain how life takes form. And hence why should we be unnatural by following impatience when we can instead be patient and experience all the benefits associated with it.

Indias Agricultural Sector: An Analysis

Indias untaught Sector An Analysis cultivation SectorSubmitted byIntroduction to Agriculture sphere of influenceAgriculture firmament from an Indian Economic lieu constitute majorly the following four such as Food- makes and oilseeds, Fiber, plantation crops, fruits and vegetables. As per the 2013 RBI statistics Indian land sphere of influence contri scarceed 11.36% of real GDP. This area is overly the highest employer in the country employing approximately 60% of the population.In H1 2013-2014 Agriculture sector of India recorded development rate of 3.4% 1 and this is higher by a margin of 0.8% during H1 2012-13. The primary reasoning was attributed to a good and a normal monsoon during the year. This spike in the increase of the agricultural sector contributed to a come apart growth rate for the GDP of 4.6 considering it was a sluggish period for all other sectors including services and manufacturing. Eventhough being one of the oldest sector, Agricultural sector is still add phenomenally to the GDP growth of the country. So, in this report an attempt is make to analyse salient aspects of the Agriculture sector from economic perspective, government policy perspective and other items that constitute the growth of the sector. Also, the report studies the major issues thats being faced by the facing and potential way to resolve them is being brought out. cite factors affecting the performance of Agriculture sectorClimatic factors Monsoons, skank degradation, water accessibility, floods and droughts.Policy factors Government policies related to credit availability, support impairments, crop specific programmes, ensuring availability of markets for the produce.Market factors Pricing, integration with downstream consumers, transp arncy.Macro-economic factors Supply and need, change in consumption patterns.Technology factors Availability of farming technology, aw arness of the available technology among the farmers, incentives to adopt raw technology , educating farmers about the benefits of using technology.Global factors Export and import policies, trade restrictions.Section IV Agriclutural Policies, Ramesh V VIssues faced by Indian Agriculture sectorUnequal growth of Agriculture sector at different areas of IndiaDependence on seasonal rainfall The performance of the sector is highly parasitical on the seasonal rainfall India receives during the monsoon season.Decrease in land availability due to population growth and industrial sector growthNon availability of farm labourers embarrassed level of mechanisation of the sector yielding lower productivityUnavailability of logistics affecting the returns from the sectorTraditional cultivation methodsRestrained access to finance neglect of facilities for fund of the food grainsFragmentation of landLow quality seeds Using better quality seeds can improve the yield by 40%, betrothal of Bt seeds can overly development the yield, however higher cost of seeds and activism are hindra nces to adopt Bt seeds widely.Unbalanced fertilizer utilization It is one of the important reason for the stagnancy of the yield, depletion of soil fertility and pollution of water bodies. Lacklustre government policies on fertilizer subsidies are one of the reasons for unbalanced use of Nitrogen based fertilizersCropping Patterns Sub-optimal crop pattern leads to low rates of profits. Geographical conditions vary and accordingly suitable crop patterns should be adopted, however farmers follow traditional practices which leads to lower profits.Policies and Schemes towards AgricultureThe surgical incision of Agriculture Cooperation, Government of India, has been implementing discordant organisations and programmes for the benefit of farmers through State Governments. The Guidelines and other details of various programmes and schemes clear been made available in their departmental scheme guidelines. Relevant details on the type and extent of benefits for different components prom oted under various schemes are mentioned here. For simple understanding of subsidies and eligibility criteria of the same a handbook has in addition been constructed by the department. It has been prepared by categorizing various activities in 11 different themes such as, Soil Health, Soil Conservation Fertilizers, Seeds, Irrigation, Training Extension for Farmers, Mechanization Technology, Agricultural attribute, Agricultural Insurance, Plant Protection, Horticulture, Agricultural Marketing and Integrated Farming. Besides this, broad suggestions on practical aspects of each of these themes have also been included.Schemes such as Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (subject to toss criteria for the States), National e-Governance Plan-Agriculture, National Mission on Agricultural Extension Technology Etc have nation-wide coverage.A few other schemes such as National Food protection Mission, Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP), Cotton Technology Mission, Jute and Mesta Technology and Bringing Green Revolution to eastern India (BGREI) have Crop/ Area / District wise applicability.The expert committee has come up an estimate of around 11172 crores in the next ten historic period for infrastructure development for gardening marketing as of 2008 and has come up with some reforms in the Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee Act, (APMC)act, details from NABARD websiteSubsidies are helpful to farmers in India as nearly 11% of farmers have land but not have sufficient funding to irrigate the land. Three main types of financing are required for agriculture sector. i.e., Short term, Medium term Long term finance. Subsidies in an agriculturally oriented developing economy like India helps increase the productivity of the farmers.Institutionalized credit provisioning Credit raised by farmers from Non-institutional lenders, from 95% in 1951 to 40% in 2002, India has come a long way in providing sustainable credit access to the farmers. Non-institutional lenders levy a high rate of interest and historically have manipulated the farmers, which led to poverty and its side effects like illiteracy.Analysis on the Agricultural SectorDemand vs SupplyThe agricultural sector in India is doing pretty good job to find the domestic demand and also exporting food grains in certain categories. The total demand for Y2010 was 228Mt and the total supply was 270Mt. Not only in 2010, if you see the trend for the old 5 geezerhood before 2010, the supply more than demand. This clearly tells us India is a food surplus country and there is no real hug on the demand-supply process.The supply is mainly increasing because of better and modern farming technique and high productivity per hectare. Storage facilities have improved over the finale 2 decades and at affordable prices are helping the farmers to preserve the crop thru the year.There is still a lot of scope for improvement for our agro output storage facilities. Our storage facilities are not on par with other developed countries and our farmers end up with a lot of spoiled food grains.Table Agro takings Demand in INDIA between 2005 and 2011(All Figures in Metric Tons)Source http//agcensus.nic.in/Focus on Agriculture- Union Budget 2014.Government has proposed a technology driven thou revolution and in this specifically protein revolution had more focus this year. Below par expectation of monsoon and its obvious impact on Agriculture was certainly considered this year. guardianship this in mindGovernment has proposed aRs.1,000 crore outlay for a new scheme named, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, which go forth address sufficient irrigation facilities and mitigate some risk.To address the problem of price volatility, fund called Price Stabilization fund amounting to 500 crores was allocated.Agriculture credit target was set to 8lakh crores. Interest subvention for timely repayment of loans at 3% subventi on has also been included against the current 7% rate. Rural infrastructure fund of 25000 crores was also institutionalized.Soil health is one major factor which is linked to productivity. In this regard, 100 crore project scheme was included which delivers every farmer a soil health card. In this mission, an additional 56 crores towards mobile soil testing laboratories was proposed.Agriculture research institutions to come up in Assam and Jharkand with an initial investment of 100 crores and an additional allocation of 200 crores for Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan and telangana and Haryana for Agriculture and horticulture institutions respectively was also proposed.Kisan TV, a dedicated channelon various aspects of agriculture.Bhoomi Heen Kisan scheme, institutionalized through NABARD for landless farmers towards guarantee for finance was proposed. Funds will cater to around 5 lac farming groups who will practice joint farming.Warehouse infrastructure fund of 5000 crores was allocate d to address wastage loss in supply chain.Existing APMC, will be re-oriented in close knowledge with state governments which in potential must take care of markets and introduce reforms for farmers.One thing that was criticized was the denial of a policy of minimum price Scheme, system of macrophages which figured in the previous governments budget.Impact of Fiscal Policies on Agricultural SectorMost Gov.s that came to power in India have implemented pro-agricultural policies and have given a lot of sops and benefits to this sector. Though the outlook might seem healthy, the short term inconsistent policies have made the agricultural sector unproductive and unsustainable. If the situation continues like this, experts believe that Indian would become a net food gain importer in the next 20-30 years of time.SubsidyInput subsidies are a major part of the policy in Agricultural sector in India. The major subsidies aresubsidies on electrical energy used in farmingsubsidy in fertilizer pricessubsidy in seed purchaseIndian agricultural sector is more dependent on scuttlebutt subsidies than any other major emerging countries. The recent Gov. order passed by the Chief Min of the newly farmed Andhra state to waive finish all the agro loans taken by its farmers is an example of this Input subsidy and illustrates how heavily this is impacting the Agro sector. The subsidy on fertilisers has been increased to 67% in 2010 from 41% in 2004. This engulf subsidy was possible because Gov. kept the nominal fertilizer prices unchanged in spite of high inflation and allowed real subsidized fertilizer prices to fall. The total Gov, input subsidy stood at 9.6% of the total Agro sector output.Among all the subsidies fertilzer subsidy amounts to 11 Billion dollars out of the total 60 Billion subsidy provided by GOI. This also plays a key role in the increase in non plan expenditure and which in turn increases the fisical deficit.The input subsidies have also produced some uncause d side effects like over utilization of land, soil degradation, nutrient imbalance of soil and reduction in ground water level.Minimum brave out PriceThe Govt had setup the Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) to define the minimum support price for almost all the major crops. The intention is to help the farmers but it interferes with the demand and supply.Tax SubsidiesIndirect taxes for farm output is almost nil.InflationThe GOI expansionary policies and fiscical stimulus in 2009-10 has resulted in increase in inflation. This has resulted in the increase in cost of the farm labour and non subsidized farm equipment procurement. This has put pressure on the margins of the farmers.Restriction on Exports/ImportsWhenver the supply was lower than demand for a occurrence crop happens i.e in supply shock scenario Govt generally tends to look to restricy exports. This has been an usual pattern with recent incident when the prices of onion and sugar increased as a result of lower production and the got wa quick to restrict the exports of these commoditiesImpact of Monetary Policies on Agricultural SectorAgricultural loans are available for various farming related activities. Farmers may apply for loans to purchase inputs for the cultivation of food grain crops as well as for horticulture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, floriculture and sericulture businesses. There are also certain special loans made available by many public sector banks and co-operative agriculture banks to finance the purchase of agricultural machinery such as tractors, harvesters and trucks. Construction of biogas plants and irrigation systems as well as the purchase of agricultural land can also be financed through different types of agricultural finance.NABARD offers a Kisan Credit Card Scheme and crop loans under the Rashtriya Krishi Bima Yojana. Kisan Credit Card Scheme helps farmers raise short-term funds for agriculture and other farm-based activities, on an on-going basis, wi th very limber and friendly repayment terms. It also offers an agricultural loan for development of agriculture related industries, purchase of machinery and other agricultural purposes.Interest RatesConclusionThe agriculture community must be weaned off the subsidies gradually once sufficient development is made so as to increase the sustainability of Indian agriculture by providing them the right price for the cultivated produce, introducing highly effective storage facilities, providing necessary training to the farmers regarding use of technology and equipment thereby reducing wastage considerably and enhancing the sector as a whole. Agricultural subsidies can be a blunt instrument that can impede progress and slow down economic growth if theyre implemented without heed to the situation and specific date of expiry.Agriculture and industry has shown remarkable vigour and dynamism in contributing to a healthy growth in exports in the recent past. Indias food security depends on p roducing cereal crops, as well as increasing its production of fruits, vegetables and milk to meet the demands of a growing population with rising incomes.Policy makers will thus need to initiate and/or conclude policy actions and public programs to shift the sector away from the existing policy and institutional regime that appears to be no longer viable and build a solid foundation for a a good deal more productive, internationally competitive, and diversified agricultural sector.Referenceshttp//www.finmin.nic.in/http//indiatoday.intoday.in/story/budget-2014-green-revolution-kisan-tv-channel-agri-institutes-arun-jaitley-finance-ministry-narendra-modi/1/370753.htmlhttp//businesstoday.intoday.in/story/agriculture-gets-priority-in-narendra-modi-govt-budget-2014/1/208042.html

Fully Connected Mesh Topology Information Technology Essay

Fully Connected net Topology Information Technology finishvassThese five labels describe how the whirls in a net profit atomic number 18 inter touch virtuosod rather than their physical arrangement. For example, having a magician mesh topology does non mean that every last(predicate) of the computers in the profits must be placed physically around a hub in a star shape. A con officeration when choosing a topology is the relative status of the gubbinss be tie-uped. Two relationships are possible peer-to-peer, w present the doohic adverts share the necktie equally, and primary-secondary, where match little device controls dealings and the differents must transmit through it. mob and mesh topologies are more convenient for peer-to-peer transmission, while star and tree are more convenient for primary-secondary, motorbus topology is equally convenient for any. enlistIn a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point relate to every other device. The t erm dedicated means that the link carries traffic and in the midst of the two devices it connects. A fully connected mesh network therefore has n*(n l)/2 physical channels to link n devices. To accommodate that m some(prenominal) links, every device on the network must have 7 input/output (I/O) ports.tifsTmp9.tifFigure (9) Fully Connected Mesh TopologyA mesh attainers several advantages over other network topologies. First, the use of dedicated links guarantees that for each(prenominal) one tie-up crapper carry its induce selective information load, thus eliminating the traffic problems that quite a little occur when links must be shared by multiple devices.Second, a mesh topology is robust. If one link fuck offs unusable, it does non incapacitate the total system. other advantage is privacy or security. When every content sent travels along dedicated line, only the think recipient sees it. Physical boundaries prevent other drug users from gaining access to messages. Finally, point-to-point links make fault credit and fault isolation easy. Traffic suffer be routed to rescind links with suspected problems. This facility enables the network manager to discover the precise location of the fault and aids in finding its cause and solution.The main disadvantages of a mesh are related to the amount of cabling and the number of I/O ports necessary. First, because every device must be connected to ever other device, inductive reasoning and reconfiguration are difficult. Second, the sheer bulk of the wiring shag be greater than the available space (in walls, ceilings, or floors) can accommodate. And, finally, the hardware required connecting each link (I/O ports and cable can be prohibitively expensive). For these reasons a mesh topology is usually implemented in a peg downed fashionfor example, as a grit connecting the main computers of a hybrid network that can include several other topologies.StarIn a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a hub. The devices are not directly linked to each other. contradictory a mesh topology, a star topology does not allow direct traffic amongst devices. The controller acts as an exchange. If one device wants to glow entropy to some other, it s completions the data to the controller, which then relays the data to the other connected device.HubtifsTmp10.tifFigure (10) Star topologyA star topology is less expensive than a mesh topology. In a star, each device needs only one link and one I/O port to connect it to any number of others. This factor as well as makes it easy to install and reconfigure. Far less cabling needs to be housed, and additions, moves, and deletions involve only one tie between that device and the hub.Other advantages include robustness. If one link fails, only that link is affected. All other links remain active. This factor also lends itself to easy fault identification and fault isolation. As long as the hub is working, it can be used to monitor link problems and bypass defective links.However, although a star requires far less cable than a mesh, each node must be linked to a central hub. For this reason more cabling is required in a star than in some other topologies (such as tree, ring, or bus).TreeA tree topology is a variation of a star. As in a star, nodes in a tree are linked to a central hub that controls the traffic to the network. However, not every device plugs directly into the central hub. The majority of devices connect to a secondary hub that in turn is connected to the central hub.The central hub in the tree is an active hub. An active hub contains a repeater, which is a hardware device that regenerates the received bit patterns before sending them out. Repeating strengthens trans- missions and incr solaces the distance a signal can travel.tifsTmp11.tifFigure (11) Tree TopologyThe secondary hubs may be active or passive hubs. A passive hub provides a simple physical connection between the attached devices.The advantages and disadvantages of a tree topology are globally the resembling as those of a star. The addition of secondary hubs, however, brings two further advantages. First, it allows more devices to be attached to a single central hub and can therefore increase the distance a signal can travel between devices. Second, it allows the network to isolate and prioritize communications from different computers. For example, the computers attached to one secondary hub can be effrontery priority over computers attached to another secondary hub. In this fashion, the network designers and operator can guarantee that time-sensitive data will not have to wait for access to the network.A good example of tree topology can be seen in cable TV technology where the main cable from the main office is divided into main branches and each branch is divided into smaller branches and so on. The hubs are used when a cable is divided.BusThe p receding examples all describe point-to-point configurations. A bus topology, on the other hand, is multipoint. One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in the network.Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines and taps. A drop line is a connection cart track between the device and the main cable. A tap is a connector that either splices into the main cable or punctures the sheathing of a cable to get to a contact with the metallic core. As a signal travels along the backbone, some of its energy is transformed into heat. Therefore, it becomes weaker and weaker the farther it has to travel. For this reason there is a limit on the number of taps a bus can support and on the distance between those taps.Advantages of a bus topology include ease of installation. Backbone cable can be laid along the most efficient path, then connected to the nodes by drop lines of various continuances. In this way, a bus uses less cabling than mesh, star, or tree topologies. In a star, for example, four network devices in the same room require four lengths of cable ambit all the way to the hub. In a bus, this redundancy is eliminated. Only the backbone cable stretches through the entire facility. Each drop line has to reach only as far as the nearest point on the backbone.tifsTmp12.tifFigure (12) Bus TopologyDisadvantages include difficult reconfiguration and fault isolation. A bus is usually designed to be optimally efficient at installation. It can therefore be difficult to add new devices. As mentioned above, signal reflection at the taps can cause degradation in quality. This degradation can be controlled by limiting the number and spacing of devices connected to a given length of cable. Adding new devices may therefore require modification or replacement of the backbone.In addition, a fault or break in the bus cable stops all transmission, even between devices on the same side of the problem. The damaged area reflects signals back in the direction of origin, creating noise in both directions.RingIn a ring topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point line configuration only with the two devices on either side of it. A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to device, until it reaches its destination. Each device in the ring incorporates a repeater. When a device receives a signal intended for another device, its repeater regenerates the bits and passes them along.A ring is relatively easy to install and reconfigure. Each device is linked only to its spry neighbors (either physically or logically). To add or delete a device requires moving only two connections. The only constraints are media and traffic considerations (maximum ring length and number of devices). In addition, fault isolation is simplified. Generally in a ring, a signal is circulating at all times. If one device does not receive a signal within a specified period, it can edit out an alarm. The alarm alerts the network operator to the problem and its location.However, unidirectional traffic can be a disadvantage. In a simple ring, a break in the ring (such as a disabled station) can disable the entire network. This weakness can be netd by using a dual ring or a switch capable of closing off the break.tifsTemp 13.a.tifFigure (13) Ring TopologyOSI ModelThis model is based on a proposal developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as a first step toward international standardization of the protocols used in the various social classs. The model is called the ISO-OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model because it deals with connecting open systemsthat is, systems that are open for communication with other systems. We will usually just call it the OSI model for short.The OSI model has seven storeys. The principles that were applied to arrive at the seven layers are as follows1. A layer should be created where a different level of abstraction is needed.2. Each layer should perform a wel l-defined function.3. The function of each layer should be elect with an eye toward defining internationally standardized protocols.4. The layer boundaries should be chosen to minimize the information be given across the interfaces.5. The number of layers should be large full that distinct functions need not be thrown together in the same layer out of necessity, and small enough that the computer architecture does not become unwieldy.Below we will discuss each layer of the model in turn, starting at the bottom layer. Note that the OSI model itself is not network architecture because it does not specify the exact table services and protocols to be used in each layer. It just tells what each layer should do. However, ISO has also produced standards for all the layers, although these are not part of the reference model itself. Each one has been published as a separate international standard.tifsTmp2-a.tifFigure (16) The OSI Reference ModelThe Physical socio-economic classThe physi cal layer is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel. The design step ups have to do with making sure that when one side sends a 1 bit, it is received by the other side as a 1 bit, not as a 0 bit. Typical questions here are how many volts should be used to represent a 1 and how many for a 0, how many microseconds a bit lasts, whether transmission may pass off simultaneously in both directions, how the initial connection is established and how it is torn down when both sides are finished, and how many spliffs the network connector has and what each pin is used for. The design issues here largely deal with mechanical, electrical, and procedural interfaces, and the physical transmission medium, which lies below the physical layer.The Data Link LayerThe main confinement of the data link layer is to take a raw transmission facility and transform it into a line that appears free of undetected transmission errors to the network layer. It accomplishes this task by having the sender break the input data up into data frames (typically a few hundred or a few g-force bytes), transmit the frames sequentially, and process the acknowledgement frames sent back by the receiver. Since the physical layer merely accepts and transmits a stream of bits without any regard to meaning or structure, it is up to the data link layer to create and recognize frame boundaries. This can be accomplished by attaching special bit patterns to the beginning and end of the frame. If these bit patterns can accidentally occur in the data, special distribute must be taken to make sure these patterns are not wrongly interpreted as frame delimiters.A noise burst on the line can destroy a frame completely. In this case, the data link layer software on the source machine can retransmit the frame. However, multiple transmissions of the same frame introduce the possibility of counterpart frames. A duplicate frame could be sent if the acknowledgement frame from the receiver back to the sender were lost. It is up to this layer to solve the problems caused by damaged, lost, and duplicate frames. The data link layer may offer several different service classes to the network layer, each of a different quality and with a different price.Another issue that arises in the data link layer (and most of the utmoster layers is well) is how to keep a fast transmitter from drowning a slow receiver in data. more or less traffic regulation utensil must be employed to let the transmitter know how much buffer space the receiver has at the moment. Frequently, this extend regulation and the error handling are integrated.If the line can be used to transmit data in both directions, this introduces a new knottiness that the data link layer software must deal with. The problem is that the acknowledgement frames for A to B traffic compete for the use of the line with data frames for the B to A traffic.Broadcast networks have an additional issue in the data link layer to control access to the shared channel. A special, triggerman layer of the data link layer, the medium access sub layer, deals with this problem.The Network LayerThe network layer is concerned with controlling the operation of the subnet. A key design issue is determining how packet boats are routed from source to destination. Routes can be based on static tables that are wired into the network and rarely changed. They can also be determined at the start of each conversation, for example a terminal school term. Finally, they can be highly dynamic, being determined afresh for each packet, to reflect the current network load.If too many packets are present in the subnet at the same time, they will get in each others way, forming bottlenecks. The control of such congestion also belongs to the network layer.Since the operators of the subnet may well expect remuneration for their efforts, there is often some accounting function construct into the network layer. At the very least, the software must count how many packets or each customer sends characters or bits, to produce billing information. When a packet crosses a national border, with different rates on each side, the accounting can become complicated.When a packet has to travel from one network to another to get to its destination, many problems can arise. The addressing used by the second network may be different from the first one. The second one may not accept the packet at all because it is too large. The protocols may differ, and so on. It is up to the network layer to overcome all these problems to allow heterogeneous networks to be interconnected.In broadcast networks, the routing problem is simple, so the network layer is often thin or even nonexistent.The Transport LayerThe basic function of the disco biscuit layer is to accept data from the session layer, split it up into smaller units if need be, pass these to the network layer, and ensure that the pieces all arrive correctly at the other end. F urthermore, all this must be done efficiently, and in a way that isolates the upper layers from the inevitable changes in the hardware technology.Under normal conditions, the rapture layer creates a distinct network connection for each transport connection required by the session layer. If the transport connection requires a high throughput, however, the transport layer might create multiple network connections, dividing the data among the network connections to improve throughput. On the other hand, if creating or maintaining a network connection is expensive, the transport layer might multiplex several transport connections onto the same network connection to reduce the cost. In all cases, the transport layer is required to make the multiplexing transparent to the session layer.The transport layer also determines what type of service to provide the session layer, and ultimately, the users of the network. The most popular type of transport connection is an error-free point-to-poin t channel that delivers messages or bytes in the order in which they were sent. However, other possible kinds of transport service are transport of isolated messages with no guarantee somewhat the order of delivery, and broadcasting of messages to multiple destinations. The type of service is determined when the connection is established.The transport layer is a true end-to-end layer, from source to destination, in other words, a program on the source machine carries on a conversation with a similar program on the destination machine, using the message straitss and control messages. In the lower layers, the protocols are between each machine and its immediate neighbors, and not by the ultimate source and destination machines, which may be separated by many routers. There is a difference between layers 1 through 3, which are chained, and layers 4 through 7, which are end-to-end. Many hosts are multi-programmed, which implies that multiple connections will be entering and leaving ea ch host. Their needs to be some way to tell which message belong to which connection. The transport header is one place this information can be put.In addition to multiplexing several message streams onto one channel, the transport layer must take care of establishing and deleting connections across the network. This requires some kind of naming mechanism, so that a process on one machine has a way of describing with whom it wishes to converse. There must also be a mechanism to regulate the flow of information, so that a fast host cannot overrun a slow one. Such a mechanism is called flow control and plays a key role in the transport layer (also in other layers). Flow control between hosts is distinct from flow control between routers, although we will later see that similar principles apply to both.The Session LayerThe session layer allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them. A session allows ordinary data transport, as does the transport layer, but it al so provides enhanced services useful in some applications. A session might be used to allow a user to log into a remote timesharing system or to shipping a file between two machines.One of the services of the session layer is to manage dialogue control. Sessions can allow traffic to go in both directions at the same time, or in only one direction at a time. If traffic can only go one way at a time (analogous to a single railroad track), the session layer can help keep track of whose turn it is.A related session service is token management. For some protocols, it is essential that both sides do not attempt the same operation at the same time. To manage these activities, the session layer provides tokens that can be exchanged. Only the side holding the token may perform the critical operation.Another session service is synchronization. Consider the problems that might occur when attempt to do a 2-hour file transfer between two machines with a 1-hour mean time between crashes. After each transfer was aborted, the whole transfer would have to start over again and would probably fail again the next time as well. To eliminate this problem, the session layer provides a way to insert checkpoints into the data stream, so that after a crash, only the data transferred after the last checkpoint have to be repeated.The Presentation LayerThe presentation layer performs certain functions that are requested sufficiently often to warrant finding a general solution for them, rather than letting each user solve the problems. In particular, unlike all the lower layers, which are just interested in moving bits reliably from here to there, the presentation layer is concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information transmitted.A typical example of a presentation service is encoding data in a standard agreed upon way. Most user programs do not exchange random binary bit strings. They exchange things such as peoples names, dates, amounts of money, and invoices. These items are represented as character strings, integers, floating-point numbers, and data structures peaceful of several simpler items. Different computers have different codes for representing character strings, integers, and so on. In order to make it possible for computers with different representations to communicate, the data structures to be exchanged can be defined in an abstract way, along with a standard encoding to be used on the wire. The presentation layer manages these abstract data structures and converts from the representation used inside the computer to the network standard representation and back.The Application LayerThe application layer contains a variety of protocols that are normally needed. For example, there are hundreds of incompatible terminal types in the world. Consider, the plight of a full screen editor that is supposed to work over a network with many different terminal types, each with different screen layouts, escape sequences for inserting and deleting text , involving the cursor, etc.One way to solve this problem is to define an abstract network virtual terminal that editors and other programs can be written to deal with. To handle each terminal type, a piece of software must be written to map the functions of the network virtual terminal onto the real terminal. For example, when the editor moves the virtual terminals cursor to the upper left-hand corner of the screen, this software must issue the proper command sequence to the real terminal to get its cursor there too. All the virtual terminal software is in the application layer.Another application layer function is file transfer. Different file systems have different file naming conventions, different ways of representing text lines, and so on. Transferring a file between two different systems requires handling these and other incompatibilities. This work, too, belongs to the application layer, as do electronic mail, remote job entry, directory lookup, and various other general pur pose and special-purpose facilities.

Role of Cinderella in Modern Times :: essays papers

Role of Cinderella in Modern TimesThere be many fairy tales told to children in the linked States. My personal favorite was, is, and always will be the tale of Cinderella. The story is as follows A young girls mother dies, leaving her alone with her father. As the bantam girl grows up, she and her father become very close, and he swear outs her like a little princess. One day, he tells her that he is remarrying. At first, the woman and her two daughters are kind to the girl, only if this all soon ends. Shortly after the marriage, the father dies, and from that point on, the wicked stepmother and evil stepsisters rename the girl Cinderella (after the cinders she is forced to sweep from the fireplace). They treat her as an indentured servant, ordering her around, and being very cruel in general. One day, all the woman are invited to a party at the princely palace, the purpose of which is to find a wife for the Prince. But the stepmother tells Cinderella that she cannot go unless she finishes all her chores-an impossible task in the short amount of time before the ball. The stepmother does not want her at the ball because Cinderella is much more beautiful than the womans own daughters.After the stepmother and stepsisters have left for the ball, Cinderella looks around the messy house, and begins to weep. Suddenly, a fairy appears, tells Cinderella that she is her fay Godmother and makes her a deal. She simply waves her magic wand, and the house is spotless. Another wave, and Cinderella is clean and beautiful, wearing a gorgeous ball gown and glass slippers. The only catch is that Cinderella must be home at midnight, when the spell will wear off.When Cinderella gets to the ball, she is the most beautiful woman there, and the prince is immediately enraptured by her. They dance all night, but suddenly Cinderella realizes it is almost 12 and she must leave. While fleeing the palace before the prince can see her transform back into a servant girl, Cinderella l oses one of her slippers.The prince is laid to find her again, so he sets out to try the slipper on the foot of every woman in the countryside. He sees by the very little size of the shoe that it would fit only Cinderella. When he gets to Cinderellas house, the stepsisters try to cram their feet into the shoes (in the original version of the story, they even cut off their toes to do so).