Epstein-Barr Virus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Epstein-Barr Virus - Research Paper Example the presence of a virus in the cultured specimen and the three published their discovery the same year with the development of antibodies and mononucleosis taking place later. Consequently, the three scientists were able to observe the development of antibodies to the virus (Robertson 18). Perhaps the most common relationship of EBV with any other virus is in relationship to the TTV. In this case, the relationship regards the association between these two viruses and their infection of B-cell lymphoma and the Hodgskin lymphoma (Figueiredo et al. 736). In line with this, an increase in the tolerance of contagion within the first 48 hours of infection with the virus called herpes simplex indicates a demonstration of the conversion of EBV. In effect, this phenomenon implies that it is feasible to have TTV and EBV viruses in the same B cell (Figueiredo 736). Medical practitioners point out that Epstein-Barr is one of the most common infections that affected human beings. In line with this, experts suggested that the infection affected approximately 95% of the adult population by the time that they reached 40 years of age. In effect, this implies that the disease can affect any individual despite their geographical location and almost the entire world’s population has once suffered the disease. Nonetheless, most incidents of Epstein-Barr do not indicate the presence of symptoms in a person. In addition, an incidence of the infection puts an individual at a risk of mononucleosis with approximately 35-40% of those infected likely to develop this condition (Schueler, Beckett, and Gettings). A series of a standardized process characterizes the progression of EBV. First, EBV attacks the B-cells at the point of CR-2 (CD 21) while using the glycoprotein (GP 350/220). However, it could also attack the epithelial cells that do not possess the CD 21. This affects the epithelial cells that infect the Blymphocyte resulting to the latency stage. The cells infected exhibit

Management Process and Organizational Behavior Essay Example for Free

Management Process and Organizational Behavior Essay Q.1 â€Å"Today managers need to perform various functions†: Elaborate the statement Managers create and maintain an internal environment, commonly called the organization, sothat others can work efficiently in it. A manager’s job consists of planning, organizing, directing,and controlling the resources of the organization. These resources include people, jobs or positions, technology, facilities and equipment, materials and supplies, information, and money.Managers work in a dynamic environment and must anticipate and adapt to challenges.The manager looks after more than one function. Therefore, managerial practices usedsuccessfully in big firms cannot be blindly used in small-scale units. Basic managerial functionsin large and small business are the same. But the manner in which these functions should becarried out can be different.Managing starts with planning. A manager with a definite and well defined plan has morechances of success than another who tries to start an enterprise without planning. According toKillen† planning is the process of deciding in advance what is to be done‚who is to do it‚how it isto be done and when it is to be done’’. Planning involves thinking and decision and is, therefore,called a logical process. Planning is a continuous process as changes in plans have to be madefrom time to time to take care of changing environment. Many a times, a vague approach isadapted to planning in a small firm. There is a false impression that small firms areuncomplicated and do not require planning. The small-scale manager does not want to engagehis employees in the planning process due to the desire to keep the secrets with him. Personalaccountability for results, lack of expert staff and not having planning skills are other major obstacles to planning in small firms. The owner or manager of a small enterprise is too involvedin day-to-day operation to try planning before commencing actual operation. But they need pre-planning most because small firms have limited resources to conquer their upcoming problemand cannot afford to finance losses that can take place while adjusting to unanticipatedhappenings/changes.An manager needs an enterprise which can achieve the business objectives. During thefunction of organizing he leads human resources to successful completion of the project,arranging the functions and activities into different levels in the organization structure, thusfacilitating the assignments of personnel according to their capabilities, skills and motivation.According to Peter F. Drucker the process of organizing consists of three steps activitiesanalysis, decisions analysis and relation analysis.(i). Activities Analysis: It consists of the following:a) Determining the main functions for achieving the objectives of the firm.b) Various sub-functions in each major function.c) Amount of work in each major function and its sub-function.d) The position required to perform the activities.(ii) Decisions Analysis: It consists of the following:a) Choosing the basis of departmentalization so that functions could be grouped intospecialized units. Generally, functional departmentation is appropriate for small-scaleunits. Customers, Products and territories are ot her important base of departmentalization.b) Choosing the type of organization structure so that departments are incorporated into aformal structure. MBA Sem-IManagement Process and Organizational Behavior Subject code MB0022 (iii) Relations Analysis: The authority, responsibility and accountability of every position and itsrelationship with other positions are clearly defined. Various positions are manned with personshaving the necessary education, training, experience and other qualifications.To obtain best possible benefit from each employee it is necessary to delegate functions as far-down in the organization as possible. Owners of small firms are often reluctant to delegatingauthority to their employees even though they expect them to do all functions allocated to themthat require authority. For effective completion of tasks, it is necessary that responsibilityaccompanies the necessary authority. In directing a manager has to supervise, guide, lead and motivate people so that they canachieve set targets of performance. In the process of directing his subordinates, a manager ensures that the employees fulfill their tasks according to the set plans. Directing is theexecutive function of management because it is concerned with the execution of plan andpolicies. Directing commences organized action and sets the whole organizational machineryinto action. It is, therefore, the life giving function of an organization. This is the area where themastery of the art and science of management is put to test. An manager’s leadership styledetermines the work atmosphere and culture of the organization. Above all, he must motivateemployees by setting a good example, setting practical targets of performance and providingsatisfactory monetary and non- monetary benefits.In directing a manager has to perform the following tasks:(a) Issuing orders and instructions(b) Supervising workers(c) Motivating i.e. inspiring to work efficiently for set objectives(d) Communicating with employees regarding plans and their implementation.(e) Leadership or influencing the actions or employees. Controlling is the process of ensuring that the organization is moving in the desired directionand that progress is being made to wards the achievement of goals.The answer to a profitable organization is the skill of the owner or manager to controloperations. He has to establish standards of performance, procedures, goals and budgets. Withthese guides, he supervises job progress, workers performance and the financial condition of the business. The controlling function of the owner manager includes:Setting of standards: Control presumes the existence of standards against which actual resultsare to be evaluated. Standards can not control on their own but they are the targets againstwhich actual performance can be measured. Therefore they should be set clearly andaccurately. They should be precise, adequate, and feasible.Measurement of actual performance: The actual performance is measured and evaluated incomparison with the set standards. Preferably measurement should be such that variation maybe identified in advance of occurrence and prevented by suitable action. Where work involved isof quantitative nature measurement of performance is not difficult. But when the work is notquantifiable measurement becomes difficult. Periodical reports test checks and audits arehelpful in precise measurement of performance. MBA Sem-IManagement Process and Organizational Behavior Subject code MB0022 Analysis of variances: Comparison of actual performance with standards will reveal variation.Variations are analysed to identify their cause and their impact on the organization. Correctiveaction can be possible only where the causes of the problem spots have been identified.Clarification may be called for sudden variation.Taking corrective action: Control means action on the basis of measurement and evaluation of results. Wherever possible self- determining device should be used for bringing back actualresults in line with the standards. Standards should be revised wherever necessary. Other stepsto prevent deviations can be re-organization, improvements in staffing and directions etc. Thereal meaning of control lies in the commencement and follow-up of remedial action. At thisstages control unites with planning.

Presentation of the City in Poetry

Presentation of the City in Poetry Pre-1914 Poetry: Comparative Study Compare the ways in which the city is presented in William Blakes ‘London (1794) and William Wordsworths ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802. In your response you should consider: †¢ The techniques that the poets use to convey their impressions of the city. †¢ The way(s) in which the poets include references to social, political and personal concerns and the extent to which the poems are shaped by these. By 1800, London was the biggest city in the world, with a population of over one million. It was a global centre of power and imperial glory, set against a backdrop of revolution. Although William Wordsworths ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 and William Blakes ‘London (1794) both concern the city of London and were written in the same period, they present the city in very different ways. ‘Westminster Bridge is in celebration of the citys majesty and is rarely bitter, Wordsworth only ever writes disparagingly of its citizens. In ‘London however, Blake who was himself a resident of London, presents the city as a place crawling with corruption and rife with disease. In this essay I will explore the structure, form and setting of the poems, the poems main themes, language and imagery, how the poems portray people and society in London and the sights and sounds of the city, in order to compare in depth the different ways in which the city is pre sented. The poem ‘London comprises four quatrain stanzas, written in iambic tetrameter. Each stanza offers a view of various aspects of the city as seen by the narrator on his â€Å"wander† (line 1). ‘Westminster Bridge is an Italian sonnet, which is a single fourteen-line stanza. It is written in iambic pentameter. Traditionally, the sonnet form is associated with love poems, and indeed ‘Westminster Bridge could fall under this classification. The poem is metaphorically divided into two parts, an eight-line octave and a six-line sestet. It is conventional for the octave to offer the description or problem and the sestet the resolution. In ‘Westminster Bridge, Wordsworth uses the octave to detail the scene laid out before him, â€Å"Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie† (line 6), and the sestet to describe his emotions, â€Å"Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!† (line 11). ‘London was published in ‘Songs of Experience, o ne of Blakes anthologies. As the anthologys title suggests, ‘London represents Blakes personal experience, and so the first person dominates, â€Å"I wander through each chartered street† (line 1). This reinforces that the issues presented in ‘London are of personal concern to Blake. Similarly, ‘Westminster Bridge is written in the first person, as it is a personal experience being composed by Wordsworth at the very moment that he beholds the described scene. However, it does not dominate the poem to the same extent as it does ‘London. Wordsworth also makes use of the third person, â€Å"The river glideth at his own sweet will† (line 12). He does this as he describes his emotions in order to make clear that the experience manifests itself as open to all who would care to observe it, rather than using the rather selfish alternative, â€Å"The river glideth at my own sweet will†. The rhyme scheme of ‘London is ABAB CDCD EFEF GHGH, for example â€Å"street, flow, meet, woe† (stanza 1). This conveys a sense of control, authority and monotony, which is also echoed in the poems language. The meter is rarely interrupted, the poem continues with one criticism and revelation after another in order to emphasise the extent and number of the problems that exist, not wanting to dwell on any one point as if treating them with disgust. ‘Westminster Bridge conforms loosely to the ABBAABBACDCDCD rhyme scheme of the Italian sonnet. The rhythm is more often interrupted, with variety of punctuation and enjambement creating changes in the flow. â€Å"Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;† (line 13), is an example of a caesura which enhances this moment of epiphany in which Wordsworth realises that the tranquillity of the scene is such that the even the houses appear to be sleeping. Alternatively, this exclamation could literally be Wordsworth expressing his thankfulness to God for the scene. In examining an ex tract from Wordsworths ‘The Prelude, I believe it is sensible to assume that the exclamation ‘Dear God! is a spiritual reaction because he uses â€Å"guardian saints† (line 179) in a simile describing fronts of houses in London. Indeed, Wordsworth was a religious man who said in 1812 that he was â€Å"willing to shed his blood for the Church of England†. It could also be an echo of line 2, â€Å"Dull would he be of soul who could pass by†, a criticism of those who are asleep and not recognising the true splendour that the city can offer. Aside, it is also very important to consider the time setting of the poems as it has a direct influence on how the city is portrayed. As ‘London is set at midnight, the image of a dark, sordid London is carried through, â€Å"midnight streets† (line 13), which gives an image of the alleys where unbridled or promiscuous activities may take place. ‘London is not capturing a particular moment in time but more of a journey through life, â€Å"In every cry of every man / In every infants cry of fear† (lines 5-6). This is so because it demonstrates not only suffering across the demographics of London, but also across time. The idea of a journey through time is also illustrated in the original engraving of the poem, which shows a young boy pleading with a crippled old man. ‘Westminster Bridge by contrast captures a single moment in time on September 2nd 1802 and is set during the early morning, at sunrise, â€Å"The beauty of the morning† (line 5). This allows Wordsworth to see the city quite literally in its best light, â€Å"Never did the sun more beautifully steep† (line 9), giving the greatest opportunity for the synthesis of nature and the city. Political and social issues, shape the poems heavily, particularly ‘London. Blake focuses quite intently on political issues, specifically in the third stanza. â€Å"Every blackening church appalls,† (line 10) refers to the industrial revolution. This line highlights Blakes adversity toward the revolution. Blake grew up in London and so this might be the reason for his rejection of the change in society, but I find the example he gives particularly interesting because he was noted as being a dissenter, rejecting the Church of England, yet he highlights how the traditional religion of the country is being damaged by industry. Alternatively it may refer to his disgust at the infrequent cleansing of the city, which has instead been left to perish and degenerate. The mere association of the church with corruption is incongruous. Blake also attacks the monarchy in stanza three, â€Å"And the hapless soldiers sigh / Runs in blood down Palace walls† (lines 11-12). The ph rase â€Å"hapless soldier† refers to one of many ill-fated soldiers who were sent off by the country to wage war, often against their will and without any care being given to them for their troubles. Despite providing an invaluble service in protecting the country, the monarchy saw soldiers as mere pawns in the ‘game of war, insignificant, indistinguishable and easily replaced. The other thing noted to â€Å"run in blood down palace walls† is the â€Å"chimney-sweepers cry†, which is similarly ignored by the monarchy. Blake particularly despised the slave trade and so he felt strongly about such matters not being address by the countrys leaders. â€Å"Palace† could equally refer to the houses of parliament, with criticism falling squarely on the shoulders of politicians rather than the monarchy. The criticism of the Church and monarchy is a common theme in Blakes poems, for example in ‘The Chimney Sweeper (ii) from the same anthology in which ‘London was published, ‘Songs of Experience, Blake writes â€Å"And are gone to praise God his Priest King / Who make up a heaven of our misery† (lines 11-12). â€Å"And are gone†, refers to the parents of a chimney sweeper, who have abandoned him. The narrator condemns God and the King for having tried to glorify his miserable existence by false promises of a great life, which have not panned out. In the first stanza, he describes the streets and the river Thames as â€Å"chartered† (lines 1 and 2). The word chartered, which is repeated, likely refers to the exclusive and executive nature of the streets. Chartered literally means ‘having special privileges, and so Blake is probably referring to the great number of wealthy businesses in London, garnering money and turning profit, juxtaposed with the ‘weakness, ‘woe and poverty of those on the street. Wordsworth also makes this contrast when he describes London in ‘The Prelu de, â€Å"The wealth, the bustle and the eagerness / The glittering chariots with their pampered steeds†, (lines 161-162) and â€Å"The scavenger that begs with hat in hand† (line 164). ‘Charted may also refer to the fact that the streets are well known and well trodden, mapped, charted. ‘Westminster Bridge makes passing reference to the industrial revolution, â€Å"All bright and glittering in the smokeless air† (line 8). This line conveys a sense of freshness and purity with ‘smokeless suggesting that the morning air is free of the industrial pollution that is so apparent during the day. Wordsworths view of the industrial revolution is very different to that of Blake because he acknowledges in this line how nature and man are able to co-exist in the city. In the final line, â€Å"And all that mighty heart is lying still!† (line 14). Wordsworth refers to the British Empire, which by 1802 was at its peak. London, being the UKs capital, f ormed the ‘heart of the Empire in a political sense. This personification reinforces the idea that London formed a vital organ of the Empires ‘body, and so it is particularly notable that Wordsworth describes London as lying still because it really emphasises the tranquillity of the scene. â€Å"Mighty heart† is also a particularly effective metaphor for a city because it is a concentrated area of bustling activity during the day akin to a ‘machine. ‘Westminster Bridge is more shaped by personal concerns rather than social and political concerns. In ‘London Blake describes the London set during the industrial revolution and the effects that it has had on society as people part with tradition and become helpless. In stanza two the anaphora, â€Å"In every†¦ In every†¦ In every†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , acts to emphasise the universal nature of the suffering and sorrow. One of the most striking metaphors in ‘London is â€Å"mind-forged manacles† (line 8). It refers to the social restrictions induced by life in the city, resonating with the poems rhyme scheme. I find â€Å"mind-forged† to be especially interesting because it suggests that these â€Å"manacles† do not in fact exist but are the cultivated in the minds of the people. Blake is suggesting that the people of London bend to conform to the power and control of authority, where this is not necessary. â€Å"mind-forged† seems to suggest the subversion of the peoples power, attitudes of defiance and non-conformity, perhaps even stret ching to suggestion of a breakdown of democracy and freedom of speech. The phrase implies that the â€Å"manacles†, which are â€Å"shackles that consist of metal loops that can be locked around the wrist†, have been imposed by some figure of authority. The juxtaposition of the â€Å"mind-forged† and â€Å"manacles† thus conflates he who is suppressed and he who has acted to suppress. Wordsworth gives glancing insights into what he thinks of the society in London, â€Å"Dull would he be of soul who could pass by† (line 2). Interestingly this is one of the only moments in ‘Westminster Bridge that could be construed as critical or bitter, showing contempt for anyone who does not appreciate the sight. Or perhaps Wordsworth is rationalising his overly emotional reaction, which could be interpreted as effeminate, by justifying that anyone who didnt react in this way would be ‘dull. Amplifying what little insight Wordsworth gives into society in London with information from an extract from Wordsworths ‘The Prelude, in which he describes his experience in London when he was 18, I feel that Wordsworths view of society in London is in agreement with that of Blake. â€Å"The endless stream of men and moving things† (line 159), implies loss of identity in London, which compliments â€Å"manacles† in ‘London. Blake notes â€Å"marks of weakness, marks of woe† (line 4) in â€Å"every face† he meets. The repetition of mark gives emphasis to the â€Å"weakness† and â€Å"woe†, Blake could have quite easily chosen to use more diverse language but the harsh repeated sound of â€Å"marks† really enhances the image. â€Å"Marks† tends to suggest that these are aberrations that have not always existed but have recently appeared as a result of changes in London, the industrial revolution perhaps. The last stanza bears a few very striking images that give further insig ht into people and society in London. â€Å"How the youthful harlots curse† (line 14), refers to the rise of prostitution. It is particularly shocking to hear that it is a â€Å"youthful† harlot, it appears that even the youths of society have been corrupted and subverted, having to turn to prostitution in order to scratch a living in such desperate times. â€Å"curse† refers to the spread of venerable disease as a result of such activities. This â€Å"curse† is described as blasting â€Å"the newborn infants tear† and blighting â€Å"with plagues the marriage hearse† (line 16). The oxymoron â€Å"marriage hearse†, ends the poem with a very strong image, starkly juxtaposing the charm of marriage with the hearse, used to carry a dead person to the place of burial. Blake himself condemned the absurdity of marriage without love and this is reflected in marriage hearse because any relationship resulting out of an encounter with the  "youthful harlot† would like be a relationship without true love. Alternatively, â€Å"marriage hearse†, could refer to a social restriction as â€Å"mind-forged manacles† does, that is to say that marriage is as a mans death, once he has committed to it he no longer has the same free will to do as he please. The strong plosive constants of â€Å"but, blasts blights and plagues† emphasises the harshness of what is being described. Wordsworth uses rich descriptions of the sights and sounds of London. He is in great admiration of the beauty of London and starts the poem with a superlative, hyperbolic tone. â€Å"Earth has not anything to show more fair† (line 1), suggesting that this is the epitome of beauty on Earth. I find the simile, â€Å"The City now doth, like a garment, wear† (line 4), particularly interesting as it indicates the morning sky appears to surround the city as a garment does a body, tending to suggest that the tranquillity of the morning is cloaking the true nature of the city which is perhaps less appealing. In ‘London Blake describes the grim sounds he hears in order to imbue the poem with a mood of pathos. For example in stanza two, â€Å"In every cry of every man / In every infants cry of fear / In every voice, in every ban† (lines 5-7), the repetition of cry across the two generations is striking, and the choice of â€Å"infant† is particularly shocking. This idea can be found in Blakes poem ‘Infant Sorrow from ‘Songs of Experience which links closely with ‘London, â€Å"Into the dangerous world I leapt / Helpless, naked, piping loud† (lines 2-3). â€Å"piping loud† corresponds with the cries of fear, â€Å"dangerous world† with idea that the suffering is universal in London. In ‘Westminster Bridge, Wordsworth celebrates the wondrous variety of London by asyndeton, â€Å"Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie† (line 6). These images bring together the components of the Empire and variety within London, with â€Å"ships† signifying trade, â€Å"towers† business, â€Å"domes† St. Pauls, an icon of London, â€Å"theatres† entertainment, and â€Å"temples† religion. In ‘London however, Blake sees the same â€Å"marks† in every face, the same generic cries in every voice. As ‘Westminster Bridge is romantic poetry Wordsworth integrates nature and the city because the reconciliation of man and nature is a key tenet of Romanticism, as pioneered by Wordsworth himself. The features listed in line 6 are described as lying â€Å"open unto the fields and to the sky;† (line 7). This appropriation of the city in a pastoral context refers to how the rural-urban fringes of London would be more apparent in 1802 because it was a smaller city. Wordsworth is saying that the city is in truth not so far removed from nature as some may believe and in fact they can co-exist in perfect harmony. He also highlights how man and nature harmonise, â€Å"The river glideth at his own sweet will† (line 12), implies that the scene appears to conform to Wordsworth wishes, flowing past so gently in a way that completes the scene as if just to please his own wishes. In contrast â€Å"Near where the charted Thames does flow† (line 2) in ‘London, ravages the idea of the calm flowing Thames by associating it w ith â€Å"chartered†, implying that is over run by commercial usage, to satisfy the greed of wealthy city businessmen. In order to show the extent to which Wordsworth feels positively about the city, if â€Å"not anything to show more fair† (line 1), was indeed not praise enough, he compares the sight of the city to things of nature, furthering the synthesis of nature and the city. â€Å"Never did sun more beautifully steep† (line 9), gives an image of the sun glinting on the roofs of the buildings as it slowly rises over the cityscape, imbuing and saturating it with natural light, and is enhanced by the sibilance of â€Å"sun† and â€Å"steep. In the line, â€Å"In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill; / Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!† (line 10), Wordsworth directly compares the cityscape with valleys, rocks and hills but concludes that he has never felt so touched and calmed by any of these scenes so much as he is by the calmness of the city. This is particularly notable bearing in mind that Wordsworth lived in the countryside and enjoyed nature, yet finds the conflation of the city and nature to be more beautiful than any purely natural experience. However, the idea that this is fleeting moment, â€Å"The city now doth† (line 4), reminds us that despite the fact that it looks good at this moment, it will not last. This sort of naà ¯ve expression of joy is seen in Blakes poem ‘Infant Joy, from ‘Songs of Innocence. â€Å"Sweet joy befall thee† (line 12), is the adults hope for the childs wish for joy to be fulfilled but in â€Å"befall† there is a grim acknowledgement of how such joy will probably not be achieved. In conclusion I find William Wordsworths ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 and William Blakes ‘London to present London in very different ways. ‘Westminster Bridge is panegyric, a love poem to the City with a tone of exultation and infatuation with the beauty of the scene that befalls him. The way in which it appropriates London in a pastoral context and integrates the city and nature is a refreshing vantage point considering the political and social issues of the time. ‘London however appears to describe an entirely different London to Wordsworth because of Blakes focus on political issues. Overall, I find Blakes vision to be the most convincing because of how the poem is written as a first person experience by a citizen of London who is able to most appropriately empathise with people facing adversity and compare how the city has changed over time rather than capturing a single moment as Wordsworth does. The poems are both shaped by politi cal and social concerns but Blakes ‘London draws on social and political issues much more than ‘Westminster Bridge, particularly focussing on the industrial revolutions impact on society in London, whereas only passing references are made in ‘Westminster Bridge which is shaped to a much greater extent by personal emotional concerns of the moment. These personal concerns are fleeting and short-lived because once the garment of the morning has been hung up, the underlying problems become apparent once again. Bibliography â€Å"Wordsworth was a religious man who said in 1812 that he was â€Å"willing to shed his blood for the Church of England†Ã¢â‚¬ , http://www.victorianweb.org/previctorian/ww/religion1.html Dictionary definition of ‘manacles, http://www.onelook.com â€Å"the reconciliation of man and nature is a key tenet of Romanticism, as pioneered by Wordsworth himself†, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_poetry

Free Essay - Power of Guilt in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Power of Guilt in The Scarlet Letter If a tree falls in the woods and no one is there to hear it, did it make a sound? This saying brings me to my thesis of "Guilt Without Confession leads to Great Consequences in The Scarlet Letter". If a character does something wrong but no one knows, that character can both gain and lose from what they have done. This happens multiple times in The Scaret Letter. Characters commit evil deeds, some are caught, some are not. For those that aren't caught, they have a decision to make. To turn themselves in or to live their lives as if it never happened. For those that choose to live on as if it never happened they are faced with a tough road ahead. They have to deal with the guilt of what they've done. All the while, they must watch to see if anyone is on to them or suspects them of the crime they have commited. However they are rewarded. They get to live on as a regular member of society rather than be imprisoned or even worse, put to death. These are examples of characters who have commited crimes without confessing. Arthur Dimmesdale is a minister, a father, a sinner and a man who feels incredible guilt. He commits adultery with Hester before the book begins. As the book begins it is revealed he is the true father of Hester's child Pearl. Dimmesdale, afraid of losing his status and being humiliated , does not confess his crime. For this this he is rewarded and greatly punished. He is rewarded by keeping his status in the community. He continues to preach to his flock, for which he gains great acclaim. He is able to see Hester and Pearl whenever he wants. He is also free to leave anytime he wants. He has his freedom and his reputation. However, he also has something he doesn't want, his conscience. How unfortunate it is a person can get away from being caught for a crime. A crime that is punishable by death. Yet, he can't enjoy it. Most people would leave town, sorry for that they've done, but ecstatic they got away to start a new life. Not Dimmesdale, not Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale. He beats him self up over it. Usually thats an analogy, but not this time.

Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical and Chemical Properties Pre Lab Questions: (4pts. ) 1. What are the learning goals of this experiment? The goals are to investigate the chemical properties of pure chemical substance and to investigate the physical properties of pure substances. 2. Write two examples each of physical and chemical properties. Physical –Color, Odor, hardness, density, melting point, boiling point Chemical- heat of combustion, reactivity, ph, 3. What happens if you heat a solution of chemicals in test tube facing towards you?How would you avoid inhalation of chemical vapor during heating in a test tube? It could splat on face and burn you. The best way to avoid inhaling vapor is to either where a mast or don’t breathe directly in the vapors while the substances is burning. 4. How would you take care of itching eyelids or body parts caused by the contamination of 6M HCl? Wash your eyes with cold water immediately and if get any worse call 911. Date:______10/28/12___________________ _ Name:____Daniel Asonye _____________________ . Title: Physical and Chemical Properties 2. Procedure: (3pts. ) 1. The first thing that must be done is to half fill one well of 24-well plate with 6M HCL and half filled a second well of the 24-well plate with 6M NaOH. 2 – The second thing to do is to place 4 smalls’ test tubes into wells of the 24 well plate. Than place a small amounts of the substances into the tube that needs to be tested in each of the four micro test tube. 3 In the first tube, watch and record color and odorThe next thing lights the burner and grab the test tube with the holder. Next heat the sample by slowly moving it just above the flame. Watch the effect of the substance by the heat. Allow cooling before storing. 4 For the second tube 1. Add enough cold water at least ? about the sample and stir with the rod and watch what happens. Light the burner and grasp the test tube with the holder and heat the sample by slowly moving the tube about the fla me. Use the ? cm of red and blue litmus paper.Allow the solution to cool and stir with the rod and transfer a drop of the solution onto a piece of litmus paper. 5 For the third tube Just add a few pipet drops of HCL to the sample and stir. 6. Fourth test tube- just add a few piped drops of NaOH to the sample. Stir and record 7. Clean up all four test tube and repeat steps 2 through 6. 3. Data Collection: Fill up the table as shown in procedure (12pts. ) |Color |Odor |Effect of heat |Cold H2O |Hot H2O |Litmus Test |Dilute HCL |DiluteNaOH | |Mg |silver |nc | |– |— |– |– |– | |Cu |gold |nc |Dissolves quickly |Dissolves slowly |Slighty cloudy |Blue-white color appears Red -none |– |– | |Zn |silver |none |– |– |– |– |Starts boiling |— | |Mgo |white |none |– |— |– |— |— |White precipate forms | |CuCO3 |gray |gas-like smell |Started dissolving |Starts looking slightly clou dy |Becomes a little darker |Blue formed some white color while red didnt |Boiling, white precipitate increase |Neutralize the solution and is a lot clear | |Cu (NO)3 |blue |Gas-like smell |Started dissolving and boiling |A lighter blue is formed |Becomes a little darker |Blue-formed some redish color while red had no change |Ultraviolent color is formed on the top of the solution |A large substrate has been formed between the two colors. Violent on top and blue on bottom | |NaCl |White |none |Started to dissolved |A tad cloudy |Becomes a little darker |No reaction |No reaction |No reaction | | 4. Attach your picture showing your work on step 4d. The picture should also show the results as appears in the experiment. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] 5. Result: Write the results of your litmus paper test (2pts. ) The cooper formed a white precipitate. The CuCo3 blue formed some white color while red didn’t.The Cu(NO)3 blue-formed some reddish color while red did not. NaCl had no reactio n. ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 6. Questions: Answer the questions briefly as shown in page 110 (3pts. ) A. Yes I did. I saw heat of combustion in about every chemical I test today. B. The evidence I saw was mainly copper. It had the highest reactivity out of any substance I used. C. Reactivity of any substance with cooper and heat combustion of substrates. D. Physical, physical, physical, and chemical E. physical, chemical, physical, physical , physical , chemical F. I would re heat the solution to give me a physical change.

Obama and Bush in the Iraq war Essay

On April 11, 1991, the Gulf war ended with a cease fire that was negotiated between the United States and its allies and Iraq. A policy of containment was maintained by the United States and its allies towards Iraq. This policy encompassed various economic sanctions by the United Nations Security Council, the enforcement by the United States and United Kingdom of Iraqi no flying zones and inspections to prevent Iraq from developing chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. In October 1998, the United States official policy toward Iraq became regime change with the enactment of the Iraqi liberation act. The act provided for the transition of Iraq to a democracy following the withdrawal of United Nations weapons inspectors. This legislation however did not correspond with the terms that were set out in United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 which basically focused on weapons and weapons programs and made no mention of change of regime. The United States and the United Kingdom launched the Operation Desert Fox one month after the Iraq Liberation Act was passed. The rationale behind the campaign was to restrict the ability of Saddam’s government to produce chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. On the other hand, United States national security personnel hoped that the exercise would weaken Saddam’s grip on power. With the election of Bush as the United States president in 2000, the United States became actively inclined toward the policy of regime change in Iraq. The Republican’s campaign became prior to the elections called for complete implementation of Iraq Liberation Act and the ousting of Saddam. The invasion of Iraq may have been planned since the inauguration with the first National security meeting discussing the invasion (Hamilton, 2004). However, there are also claims that the National Security Council discussions were a continuation of Clinton’s administration’s foreign policy. However, little formal step was made by the Bush’s administration toward invasion despite its stated interest in liberating Iraq until the September 11, 2001 attacks on the twin towers. The rationale behind the invasion of Iraq after the 9/11 attacks has been questioned as there was little to suggest that Saddam had any cooperation with Al Qaeda. Shortly after the attack, President Bush announced the new war on terrorism which was backed by the doctrine of preemptive military action. Why Bush Started the War The Bush’s administration considered Saddam Hussein to be a major distraction and threat not only to American security but also to global peace. As such, the only way to guarantee the global stability and peace was by ousting Saddam’s regime. The administration believed that Saddam possessed weapons of mass destruction and thus rushed to conquer the country before they could fire any weapon. The administration also believed that Saddam was a major sponsor of terrorists and with the 9/11 attacks, the American people were thirsting for some form of action. The electorate of the United States was skillfully convinced that the best solution to the problem of terrorism was to get Saddam Hussein. As such, the main reason that was given by the Bush’s administration as a justification for the invasion was the Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. Other reasons were that Saddam supported terrorism and held the people of Iraq captive. Another primary motive which was however not stated with regard to the invasion of Iraq was the consolidation of oil resources in Iraq (Holtzman, 2006). A report which was commissioned before the September attacks by Dick Cheney indicated unambiguously identifies Iraq as the main destabilizing influence to the flow of oil to the international markets from the Middle East. The report also indicated that Saddam had expressed a willingness to threaten to employ the oil weapon and to use his own export program to influence and manipulate oil markets. Iraq was a destabilizing influence to global oil flow from the Middle East and therefore United States military intervention was inevitable (Moore, 2004). Within the American grand design for the world, oil plays a major role. The Middle East id the only place that is capable of satisfying the demand for oil as it contains the world’s largest reserves. An increase in the demand for oil was conceived by the Bush administration as inevitable, and Iraq was a stumbling block. The invasion was thus necessary for the United States to guarantee its energy needs. By securing a strategic position in the Gulf region through establishing a friendly and compliant government in Iraq, the United States will not only manage check the OPEC but also influence the conduct of other global powers. Why Obama is against the war According to Obama, Iraq’s invasion without any clear rationale and without strong international support had the capacity to lead to instability not only in Iraq but also in the Middle East (Ambinder, 2007). The invasion, according to him, would fuel sectarian warfare. The Sunnis, having been empowered by Saddam, were likely to discover that they were the targets of Shia radicals who sought for revenge for the way that they were treated and power to control Iraq’s future. Iraq’s insurgency will thus be inspired, not only by the desire to kill the Americans but also by the ambition to be in power when the United States leaves. Obama also opposed the war because he envisioned a situation whereby the attacks would increase leading to the death of more American young people. The difference between Obama and Bush with regard to Iraqi war became clear in 2007. The year marked a critical turning point in the war in Iraq. It was during this period that Iraq sunk into a state of savage sectarian chaos with three thousand civilians dying every month. It was also during this period that the American people lost hope in the war and were thus prepared to bring the troops back to America. However, instead of letting the soldiers go back to America, a move that was favored by both Republicans and Democrats, Bush ordered a troop surge to ease the violence, suppress al Qaeda in Iraq and set the stage for political reconciliation. Obama had much to say concerning this issue, predicting that the surge would not be effective (Stone, 2009). Obama was not convinced that the twenty thousand additional troops would not solve the sectarian violence in Iraq. According to him, the effect will instead be reversed (Obama, 2002). This move, in his view, would not solve the long term political strife between the ethnic and religious groups in Iraq. Obama believed that strategic defense is a much more preferable approach to the entire war, an idea that many people seem to agree with. He opposed the war on the premise that the United states did not know how much it was going to cost, what the exit strategy would be and how the invasion itself will affect the relationship of the United States with the rest of the world. Again, he doubted the soundness of the American intelligence and held that capturing Bin Laden ought to have been the priority. Obama felt that because Al Qaeda had not been put to rest, it may act as distraction. Obama conceived of the invasion of Iraq unwise use of the military. According to him, the invasion brought more problems than solutions as more and more money was being used, more American soldiers were being killed and Al Qaeda had grown stronger. With regard to the reduction of the surge due to the deployment of more troops, Obama felt that it the reduction of violence was mainly as a result of the sacrifice by the soldiers. According to Obama, the Bush administration’s judgment concerning the length of the war, the conception of America by the Iraqis as the liberator and the view that there was no history of violence between the Shiite and the Sunni were all wrong. Obama referred to the war in Iraq as a dangerous distraction. His view is that central front in the war on terror was never Iraq but the terrorist themselves. As such, his position is that the terrorists should be attacked directly. His new strategy has therefore been to directly fight Al Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan. His first priority has been to end the war in Iraq as he had opposed it from the onset. With his position that the war in Iraq was unnecessary, Obama has made it his responsibility to redeploy the United States combat troops that propel Iraqi leaders toward a political solution, rebuild the military and refocus on Afghanistan and broader American security interests. His plan is to remove the combat brigades from Iraq by 2010 and to send additional combat brigades to Afghanistan. The worth of Iraqi war Assessing the worth of Iraq war requires that one reflects upon whatever would have happened in the Bush administration would have not gone to war in March 2003. There is no secret concerning the things that have gone wrong ever since the United States invaded Iraq but it cannot also be assumed that everything would have gone right if the United States had not invaded Iraq. It is a fact that there was a heavy casualty which does not go well with the American public. However, there is need to address what the alternative to war would have meant. Many people agree that Saddam was not the best leader. Other individuals like Madeleine Albright compared him to Hitler, a comparison that cannot be far from the truth in many respects. Saddam had contempt for human life, killing thousands of his own citizens beside threatening and butchering his neighbors. It may therefore be argued that removing such a man from power was worth some sacrifice. A more intriguing question is however whether the failure of the United States to go to war with Iraq in 2003 would have produced a lasting peace or would have postponed war. It may be said that Saddam would have pushed toward confrontation and war regardless of what might have been done. He brutally and patiently pushed his way to power in Iraq after which he impatiently and brutally made himself the dominant figure in the Middle East and the Persian Gulf. In all these instances, he employed war and the threat of war as his principal tools. In short, Saddam was in every conceivable way a threat not only to his people but also to world peace. However, some individuals have argued that even though Saddam posed a threat to world peace and stability, he would have been contained through sanctions and no-fly zones which would have acted as deterrence (Hunt, 2008). This argument was advanced even before the war even with the belief that he had weapons of mass destruction. For the majority of Americans, the question of whether the war was worth fighting revolves around whether the weapons of mass destruction were recovered or not. However, the major issue is whether Saddam could have been contained. Even though the war in Iraq has remained unpopular, the Iraqi people can claim some success with regard to the introduction of democracy. With the help of the United States, the Iraqi people have been successful in establishing the first Arab democracy. This is a major achievement with regard to the war on terror and for the purpose of liberty. The different ethnic and religious groups can now work together in a national army. They have made important steps in repossessing their country from the insurgents that have invaded their homeland. The Iraqi troops are solely responsible for clearing the Basra and Sadr City. The oppressive regime of Saddam Hussein was ousted. Conclusion The main difference between Obama and Bush on Iraq war lies in the objective of the invasion. The bush’s administration saw it as a war against terrorism while Obama felt that there were better ways of fighting terrorism rather than invading Iraq. A sensible argument for the invasion was not that Saddam was about to attack anyone with a nuclear bomb. It was that the preservation of containment would nit have been indefinite and that Saddam was defying the international community repeatedly and that this defiance seemed to both the Clinton and Bush administration to be succeeding gradually. It may therefore be argued that if the Bush administration would have not gone to war then the United States would have faced a more daring and dangerous Saddam Hussein. References Ambinder, M. (2007, April 21). Obama’s Iraq evolution. National Journal, 39(16), 79-80. Retrieved on March 29, 2009 from EBSCO host database. Hamilton, W. (2004, April 17). Bush began to plan war three months after 9/11. The Washington Post, p. A01. Holtzman, E. (2006). The impeachment of George W. Bush; A handbook for concerned citizens, New York: Nation Books. Hunt, T. (2008. March 18). Bush: Iraq war worth it. The Huffington Post, Moore, J. (2004). Bush’s war for reelection: Iraq, the White House, and the people. John Wiley Obama, B. (2002, October). Barrack Obama’s 2002 speech against the Iraq war. Retrieved on April 23, 2009, Responsibly ending the war in Iraq. (n. d. ). The White House. Stone, M. (2009, May 9). Bush 2007 v. Obama 2009? The Global Buzz. Retrieved on March 29, 2009,

The Gap Between Rich And Poor In The World Today. Essays

The Gap Between Rich And Poor In The World Today. Essays The gap between rich and poor in the world today. In the world of 1995, there are still huge differeces between rich and poor, developed and less developed countries. But why? Who is to blame? What can we do about it? Many things have been tried out to solve these problems, but does it work? It seems bizarre, that we, modern, intelligent people, have not yet succeded to get rid of the differences between DCs (developed countries) and LDCs (less developed countries). We try, don't we? Every year, we grant 2% of our Gross National Product, GNP, to foreign aid to help the LDCs to get a better standard of living (better agriculture, more and better schools and hospitals, access to health personell, medicines, etc.). On the other hand, is our "standard of living" the best for LDCs, and the one we should impose on them? For instance, what is the point of giving complex macinery like tractors and harvesters, which need expensive fuel and maintenance, to people who have harvested their crops by manpower for hundreds of years? We know for a fact that the money we grant is not being used adequately. A lot of the money is taken by the governments of the less developed countries, and a great amount of the sum are not being used to the purposes they are meant for. Bribery and corruption are huge problems in developing countries. It makes more sense to dig wells for people who walk for miles every day to get their daily water supply, than to support officials with BMWs and grand houses. The World Bank was established, and a large amound of capital was poured in, despite of the fact that the Third World lacked the level of infrastructure, the economic and social background, and the skilled personnel of Europe. The failure of this model of economic development to produce economic well-being and growth for most Third World countries is due to a number of factors. These factors include the concentration of economic resources in the hands of the rich and of unrepresentative governments, the exclusion of the large majority of affected populations from economic decisionmaking, and the integration of Southern economies in an international market where they cannot compete equitably. The industrialized countries are still holding the less developed countries down. It's the DCs who decide coffee-, tea- and sugar-prices, and consequently excercise an indirect control of the countries' economy. We also protect ourselves with high import-taxes and low import-quotas. Increasing protectionism in Northern markets shut off some Third World exports, while at the same time, the increased export of some natural resources, lumber from forests, for example, created the conditions for rapid environmental destruction. At the same time, a major debt crisis developed, particularly among those countries in the South that were producing primarily for Northern markets. As the 1990s began, popular movements that included farmers, workers, women, environmentalists and community groups in the South were challenging the adjustment policies and large-scale projects that were ruining the poor and the environment. The goal for these groups is sustainable development: building and protecting a base for long-term development by protecting the natural-resources base, sustaining local culture and traditions, and achieving economic growth by building on the capacities of local populations. In Africa, there are established, with help from, among other countries, Norway, mobile doctors, who visit villages and remote places on regular basis. There are also built a lot of schools with foreign help, there is no doubt that the educational system in most of the LDCs has been improved a great deal over the past few years. These are examples of "basic human needs" programs which are run with some success because the host-country governments impose their own solutions on local problems. This way of cooperating with the host-countries has proved to be the best way of "helping" the developing countries to develop in their own pace and their "Third World"-way. I guess this is what have kept the Third World countries undeveloped for such a long time: That we have imposed on them OUR development with its flaws, disrespect for nature and other cultures, and the greediness which threatens to ruin the balance of our enviroment.

Definition and Examples of the Middle Style in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of the Middle Style in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, the middle style is reflected in speech or writing that (in terms of word choice, sentence structures, and delivery) falls between the extremes of the plain style and the grand style. Roman rhetoricians generally advocated the use of the plain style for teaching, the middle style for pleasing, and the grand style for moving an audience. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: DecorumLevels of UsageOn Familiar Style, by William HazlittStyle Examples and Observations An Example of the Middle Style: Steinbeck on the Urge to TravelWhen I was very young and the urge to be someplace was on me, I was assured by mature people that maturity would cure this itch. When years described me as mature, the remedy prescribed was middle age. In middle age I was assured that greater age would calm my fever and now that I am fifty-eight perhaps senility will do the job. Nothing has worked. Four hoarse blasts of a ships whistle still raise the hair on my neck and set my feet to tapping. The sound of a jet, an engine warming up, even the clopping of shod hooves on pavement brings on the ancient shudder, the dry mouth and vacant eye, the hot palms and the churn of stomach high up under the rib cage. In other words, I don’t improve; in further words, once a bum always a bum. I fear the disease is incurable. I set this matter down not to instruct others but to inform myself.(John Steinbeck, Travels with Charley: In Search of America. Viking, 1962)Three Kinds of StyleThe classical rhetoricians delineated three kinds of stylethe grand style, the middle style, and the plain style. Aristotle told his students that every kind of rhetorical style is capable of being used in season or out of season. They warned against the too grand style calling it swollen, or the too plain style which when misused they called meagre, and dry and bloodless. The middle style used inappropriately they called slack, without sinews and joints . . . drifting.(Winifred Bryan Horner, Rhetoric in the Classical Tradition. St. Martins, 1988) The Middle Style in Roman RhetoricThe speaker who sought to entertain his listeners would choose a middle style. Vigor was sacrificed for charm. Any and every form of ornamentation was appropriate, including the use of wit and humor. Such a speaker possessed the skill to develop arguments with breadth and erudition; he was master at amplification. His words were chosen for the effect they would produce on others. Euphony and imagery were cultivated. The overall effect was one of moderation and temperance, of polish and urbanity. This style of discourse, more than any other, typified Cicero himself and would later influence us in English through the marvelous prose style of Edmund Burke.(James L. Golden, The Rhetoric of Western Thought, 8th ed. Kendall/Hunt, 2004)The Tradition of the Middle Style- The Middle Style . . . resembles the simple in striving to communicate truth to the understanding with clearness, and resembles the grand in aiming to influence the feelings and passions. It is bolder and more profuse in the employment of figures and the various emphatic verbal forms, than the simple style; but does not use those appropriate to intense feeling, which are found in the grand.This style is employed in all compositions intended not only to inform and convince, but at the same time to move the feelings and passions. Its character varies with the predominance of one or other of these ends. When instruction and conviction are predominant, it approaches the lower style; when influencing the feelings is the main object, it partakes more of the character of the higher.(Andrew D. Hepburn, Manual of English Rhetoric, 1875)- The middle style is the style you dont notice, the style that does not show, ideal transparency. . . .To define a style in this way, of course, means that we cannot talk about the style itselfthe actual configuration of words on the pageat all. We must talk about the social substance surrounding it, the historical pattern of expectations which renders it transparent.(Richard Lanham, Analyzing Prose, 2nd ed. Continuum, 2003)- Ciceros idea of the middle style . . . lies between the ornateness and perorations of the grand or vigorous style (used for persuasion) and the simple words and conversational manner of the plain or low style (used for proof and instruction). Cicero designated the middle style as a vehicle for pleasure and defined it by what it is notnot showy, not highly figurative, not stiff, not excessively simple or terse. . . . The twentieth-century reformers, up to and beyond Strunk and White, were and are advocating their version of the middle style. . . .An accepted middle style exists for any form of writing you can think of: news stories in The New York Times, scholarly articles in the sciences or humanities, historical narratives, Web logs, legal decisions, romance or suspense novels, CD reviews in Rolling Stone, medical case studies.(Ben Yagoda, The Sound on the Page. Harper, 2004)

Functions of Water Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Functions of Water - Assignment Example Water can be got from any drink but more so from milk and water itself. Vegetables are the other types of food that contain a lot of water and hence encouraged to be eaten regularly. Fruits also fall into that category of containing a lot of food. These include fruits such as watermelons and apples which are juicy. This, therefore, means that people should be aware of the type of food they eat in order to ensure they have a lot of water in their body to sustain them even if they cannot drink a lot of water. People are encouraged to take in a lot of fruits and vegetables (Houston and Robin 24). There is no specific amount of water an individual should take. The amount of water needed as it depends on the age of the individual and the amount of water the individual’s body can take. The intake will also depend on the activities one in the undertaking, the weather among other things. The recommended amount is around eight glasses of water daily but this is not a fixed number. People know their ability to take in water and as long as they ensure they drink a reasonable amount of water that can sustain their body as well as eating foods containing water, they are good. The lack of enough water in the body leads to a condition known as dehydration which is also known as water deficiency. This happens when the rate of water intake is minimal compared to the amount being lost and especially during physical exercises or in warm weather. The symptoms include dry mouth, poor skin, breathing shallows, eyes sunken, weakness, exhaustion and even going into a coma for really severe cases. Kidneys and other body organs can also begin shutting down due to the lack of water in the cells and blood. One fact is that if one drinks too much water and too quickly for that matter it can lead to water intoxication where the water will dilute the sodium in the blood causing an imbalance in the brain.  

Nova callege Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nova callege - Assignment Example But the reaction on Mrs Mallard upon her husband’s death is enough proof to determine that what goes on between them cannot be characterized by pure love or devotion to each other. Richards and her sister Josephine took great lengths to be gentle in how they break the bad news to her. The both of them were reluctant and calculating in telling her of the tragedy that ended Brently Mallard’s life. â€Å"When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. She would have no one follow her† (Chopin, par. 3). Her reaction was not analogous to other women before her in the same position. After the immediate show of grief, her next move was to go swiftly to her room and contemplate on what the event essentially means and how the same could change her life. She looked at it as a new beginning and an escape from a dreadful married life. The irony of course was how fast things happen and how lives could change and end in an hour. The overwhelming emotions that were because of her husband’s death introduced to her the prospect of a new which is equivalent to nothing less than freedom. The same freedom she shouted from her heart a nd had enveloped her whole being eventually led to her own death. The plot of â€Å"The Lottery† is an intriguing narrative of an old village and their practice which captivates the reader and keeps them wondering on what all the activity going on is all about. Shirley Jackson was very prolific in her description of the village and the people that comprise it. The children who are playing all around and their banter including the atmosphere as it was a time just after school ended and their vacation has just started. The village is portrayed as common and nothing out of the ordinary and the same goes for the village folks. The title of the short story is very curious and evokes an inquisitive outlook prior to completing the conclusion. The children occupied by collecting stones suggest the perception

Using the first person In research writing Coursework

Using the first person In research writing - Coursework Example For this reason, using a first person pronoun improves a researcher’s writing style. The third benefit for the first person pronoun is that it makes the researcher position himself in the study. In certain researches, one needs to explain how the ideas or research build on or departed from other people’s work, in this case the researcher will say â€Å"I†. For this reason, when one needs to claim some authority, on a given topic, then first person pronoun might help. There are few disadvantages of using first person pronoun in a research setting. It is always recommended that the researcher need to see the entire research from a third person perspective, this is because the first person pronouns is less professional. Additionally, it much difficult to for one to analyze the whole situation from the perspective of a first person, compared to the third person. The above named disadvantages provide the same reason why institutions do not allow the use of these pronouns. I do not agree the decision that the institutions hold against using the pronouns. This is because despite the named disadvantages, first person pronouns enable a research paper to have that assertiveness and clarity in their discussion, thereby providing a unique argument and

Recruitment and selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Recruitment and selection - Essay Example is mandated to ensuring that the organisation acquires quality workforce to enable the organization achieve some of its primary objectives and the company’s vision. However, getting the right people for the job has always been a major challenge for most organisations. This explains why most of the organisations have invested heavily in human resource. McDonalds began operations in the early 1954 and subsequently grew to become the world’s leading food retailer with over 30,000 food outlets in over 199 countries. It is estimated that McDonalds serves approximately 47 million customers on a daily basis. In addition to its retail success, McDonalds has become a global brand a situation that is evidenced by the increasing share capital of the firm. According to McDonalds & Hite, (2005, p.437), the department of human resource in any company is accountable for the management of the workforce to ensure that employees work effectively to achieve the company’s mission and vision. In view of this, the HRM department plays a key role in the management process of an organisation. Some of the responsibilities that the HRM department is charged with include; recruitment, selection, performance management, employee training and administration. The HR process of any organisation aims at recruiting skilled labour to help an organisation achieve competitive advantage particularly in competitive sectors. The process of recruiting new employees at McDonalds runs through the entire year. The process is often both internal and external. However, most of the management team at McDonalds is picked internally which implies that there is employee appraisal. By picking the management team internally, the management team ensures that those selected to the organisation are knowledgeable of the restaurant’s operations in the food industry and also maintain the organisational culture. The recruitment process at McDonalds is broken down into smaller and manageable departmental

Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Job in Hotel Firms Essay

Workplace Relationship Quality and Employee Job in Hotel Firms - Essay Example Employment relations in the hospitality and industries offer a clear review especially of employment relations in the distinctive part of the service economy. Hospitality employment in the world can easily be branded as a vulnerable employment which is regulation within areas of minimum wages. Various employment systems are brought about by different legal, social, political as well as economic factors. Human Resource Management in most cases integrates the personal activities with the objective of assuring success within the operations being carried out. It therefore calls for hospitality management personnel to adopt a wide and broad understanding of Human Resource Management. Actually, it is the role of the hospitality management educators to provide the required knowledge with a prospective of ensuring gain of criticality. Evidence from study carried out of a certain hotel has illustrated that Human Resource Management is commonly taken to have a limited effect on the issues that are very critical to the well being of the foodservice industry at large. It has clearly indicated that HRM rarely has a role to play especially with the influence intended to be caused for instance on service quality, profitability among others.Human Resource issues are keenly explored to provide new solutions to problems faced especially during the difficult economic periods within the hotel industry. This will help in attainment of a sustainable and a competitive advantage and more so in the current business environment.

Contemporary Issues in Community Corrections Research Paper

Contemporary Issues in Community Corrections - Research Paper Example This means that the main objective of corrections should just not to operate secure, orderly, protected and affordable prisons, but also to enhance public safety by ensuring that is an efficient inmate transition (Parent, & Barnett, 2002). Research conducted over the years has shown that prisons and community corrections are intricately linked to a point where a change in one affects the other. In nearly all the cases, arrests lead to jail time, convictions lead to initial trial, and depending on the severity of the crime, the offender is released to the community and if the community correction fails, the offender goes to prison. In reality, a very small minority comes into contact with criminal justice interventions meaning most of them go through community correction. It is therefore ideal to ensure that the right correctional method is administered to ensure that the community correction does not fail (Parent, & Barnett, 2002). Prison administrators are without doubt instrumental that prisons operate smoothly and in preparing the inmates for safe release. These two goals are related in an empirical manner in that any poor institutional behavior is tied to the higher rates of post-release crimes. Over the years, research has shown that the most effective method of ensuring that prisoners have good conduct is by setting up efficient correctional programs. In this case, for correctional facilities to be secure and safe, prison administrators ought to certify that the correctional platforms that they develop are based on evidence based practice (McGuire, 2005). For prisons, the concentration on short-term operational goals is logical but in most cases this can effortlessly diminish the available economic and human resources. In most cases, such concentration leaves minimal resources for the agencies to fulfill its commitment on the wider objectives of effective corrections as well as public safety.

Recruitment and selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Recruitment and selection - Essay Example is mandated to ensuring that the organisation acquires quality workforce to enable the organization achieve some of its primary objectives and the company’s vision. However, getting the right people for the job has always been a major challenge for most organisations. This explains why most of the organisations have invested heavily in human resource. McDonalds began operations in the early 1954 and subsequently grew to become the world’s leading food retailer with over 30,000 food outlets in over 199 countries. It is estimated that McDonalds serves approximately 47 million customers on a daily basis. In addition to its retail success, McDonalds has become a global brand a situation that is evidenced by the increasing share capital of the firm. According to McDonalds & Hite, (2005, p.437), the department of human resource in any company is accountable for the management of the workforce to ensure that employees work effectively to achieve the company’s mission and vision. In view of this, the HRM department plays a key role in the management process of an organisation. Some of the responsibilities that the HRM department is charged with include; recruitment, selection, performance management, employee training and administration. The HR process of any organisation aims at recruiting skilled labour to help an organisation achieve competitive advantage particularly in competitive sectors. The process of recruiting new employees at McDonalds runs through the entire year. The process is often both internal and external. However, most of the management team at McDonalds is picked internally which implies that there is employee appraisal. By picking the management team internally, the management team ensures that those selected to the organisation are knowledgeable of the restaurant’s operations in the food industry and also maintain the organisational culture. The recruitment process at McDonalds is broken down into smaller and manageable departmental

Contemporary Issues in Community Corrections Research Paper

Contemporary Issues in Community Corrections - Research Paper Example This means that the main objective of corrections should just not to operate secure, orderly, protected and affordable prisons, but also to enhance public safety by ensuring that is an efficient inmate transition (Parent, & Barnett, 2002). Research conducted over the years has shown that prisons and community corrections are intricately linked to a point where a change in one affects the other. In nearly all the cases, arrests lead to jail time, convictions lead to initial trial, and depending on the severity of the crime, the offender is released to the community and if the community correction fails, the offender goes to prison. In reality, a very small minority comes into contact with criminal justice interventions meaning most of them go through community correction. It is therefore ideal to ensure that the right correctional method is administered to ensure that the community correction does not fail (Parent, & Barnett, 2002). Prison administrators are without doubt instrumental that prisons operate smoothly and in preparing the inmates for safe release. These two goals are related in an empirical manner in that any poor institutional behavior is tied to the higher rates of post-release crimes. Over the years, research has shown that the most effective method of ensuring that prisoners have good conduct is by setting up efficient correctional programs. In this case, for correctional facilities to be secure and safe, prison administrators ought to certify that the correctional platforms that they develop are based on evidence based practice (McGuire, 2005). For prisons, the concentration on short-term operational goals is logical but in most cases this can effortlessly diminish the available economic and human resources. In most cases, such concentration leaves minimal resources for the agencies to fulfill its commitment on the wider objectives of effective corrections as well as public safety.

Quitting Cigarettes Essay Example for Free

Quitting Cigarettes Essay Are you a smoker? Do you know anyone who smokes and struggles with quitting smoking? I am credible to explain the process of quitting the bad habit of smoking because I myself was a smoker for five years and quit â€Å"cold turkey.† The first thing you must acknowledge when deciding to quit smoking is to quit for your own good and not for your girlfriend or your parents. The second step would be to rethink the advantages and disadvantages of smoking. At last, the final step to quitting smoking is to stay strong and consistent to your decision. The basic step of quitting smoking is recognizing the fact that you want to quit. You should never force yourself to do something you don’t want to or not ready for. If the reason you you’re trying to quit is because your girlfriend is asking you too, then it will not last very long until she gets you ticked off and you’ll start smoking again. Same concept with anyone else such as your parents or even your friends, the moment someone gets on your bad side you’ll be doing the same thing you were. I know, because I have experienced trying to quit for the satisfaction of my ex-girlfriend and it didn’t work, the moment we broke up I began smoking again. So it is extremely important that you quit for your own self and not one else’s. The next important step is to think about the advantages of smoking. You get to relax for a few minutes, take a few drags, get a slight head change for a moment and take some stress off your mind. Now think of the disadvantages of smoking cigarettes. Your body health is endangered with chances of different kinds of cancers and diseases. Your immune system is lowered and you risk of getting sick more often. You spend a huge amount of money on packs of cigarettes a month, which you could use to pay some bills or get something nice to eat. The money you will later be spending in life on health bills, for doctor visits for your bad health conditions cigarettes put you through. You’re always easily tempered because of lack of nicotine in your body, causing stress on your mind and body. If you think about comparing the advantages and disadvantages of smoking it will be easier for you to quit. The final step of quitting smoking isn’t so easy if you have been smoking for a long period of time. Remember last time you tried quitting smoking what made you to start again? Was it the alcohol you consumed that made you crave a cigarette so much or did someone get you upset? The fact is you must learn to control your actions and to be able to say â€Å"no† to the things you know you shouldn’t do. If you stay consistent with telling yourself you don’t want or need the harmful cancer stick, eventually will get easier. The more days you stay strong to resist the craving, the easier it gets further into the future. Also replacing your bad habits with better ones is also a great way to stay away from the harmful ones. Quitting smoking seams like an easy process to those whom never have been hooked on smoking. When I was younger I didn’t understand what addiction of smoking was until I tried quitting many times. It took me many tries until I figured out the process to quit smoking. The first step is to quit for you and not for anyone else. The second step is to compare the advantages to the disadvantages of smoking and keep in mind that there are so many more disadvantages to  smoking then the advantages. The last step is to stay consistent with your good choice decision and stay away from the bad habit. Good luck to you!

Factors Effecting Voltage of Electrochemical Cells

Factors Effecting Voltage of Electrochemical Cells

What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with

Research Question: What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with Birds look like on the torus? Maurits Cornelis Escher was born in Leeuwarden, Holland in 1898. He showed an interest in design and drawing, and this led him to a career in graphic art. His work was not given much recognition until 1956 when he had his first important exhibition which led him to worldwide fame. He was inspired by the math he read about and his work related to those mathematical principles. This is interesting because he only had formal mathematical training through secondary school. He worked with non-Euclidean geometry and â€Å"impossible† figures. His work covered two main areas: geometry of space and logic of space. They included tessellations, polyhedras, and images relating to the shape of space, the logic of space, science, and artificial intelligence (Smith, B. Sidney). Although Escher worked with a wide variety of art, the main focus of this paper will be tessellations. This brings me to my research question: how does Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane w ith Birds relate to the tiling view of the torus? Tessellations and the torus are related to mathematics in the areas of geometry, topology, and the geometry of space. â€Å"A regular tiling of polygons (in two dimensions), polyhedras (three dimensions), or polytopes (n dimensions) is called a tessellation.† (Weisstein, Eric W.). Tessellations, or regular divisions of the plane, cover the entire plane without leaving any gaps or overlapping (http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/minitext/escher/). The word â€Å"tessellate† comes from the Greek word â€Å"tesseres† which means four in English. This relates to tessellations 2 because the first ones were made of square ... ...oks, Inc., 1999. Index of /internet-cd/Test/Escher. 22 October, 1997. 28 July. 2005. . Locher, J.L. M.C. Escher. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1992. M. C. Escher print: Study of the Regular Division of the Plane with Horsemen. Skaalid, Bonnie. Web Design for Instruction. 28 July. 2005. . Softimage-3D Importer - Example Renderings. Okino Computer Graphics. 28 July. 2005. . Tessellation. Weisstein, Eric W. Wolfram Research, Inc. 28 July. 2005. . The Mathematical Art of M.C. Escher. Smith, B. Sidney. Math Academy Online. 20 July. 2005. . The Oldest Escher Collection on the Web. Cordon Art. 28 July. 2005. . What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with Research Question: What would Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane with Birds look like on the torus? Maurits Cornelis Escher was born in Leeuwarden, Holland in 1898. He showed an interest in design and drawing, and this led him to a career in graphic art. His work was not given much recognition until 1956 when he had his first important exhibition which led him to worldwide fame. He was inspired by the math he read about and his work related to those mathematical principles. This is interesting because he only had formal mathematical training through secondary school. He worked with non-Euclidean geometry and â€Å"impossible† figures. His work covered two main areas: geometry of space and logic of space. They included tessellations, polyhedras, and images relating to the shape of space, the logic of space, science, and artificial intelligence (Smith, B. Sidney). Although Escher worked with a wide variety of art, the main focus of this paper will be tessellations. This brings me to my research question: how does Maurits Cornelis Escher’s Regular Division of the Plane w ith Birds relate to the tiling view of the torus? Tessellations and the torus are related to mathematics in the areas of geometry, topology, and the geometry of space. â€Å"A regular tiling of polygons (in two dimensions), polyhedras (three dimensions), or polytopes (n dimensions) is called a tessellation.† (Weisstein, Eric W.). Tessellations, or regular divisions of the plane, cover the entire plane without leaving any gaps or overlapping (http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/minitext/escher/). The word â€Å"tessellate† comes from the Greek word â€Å"tesseres† which means four in English. This relates to tessellations 2 because the first ones were made of square ... ...oks, Inc., 1999. Index of /internet-cd/Test/Escher. 22 October, 1997. 28 July. 2005. . Locher, J.L. M.C. Escher. New York: Harry N Abrams, 1992. M. C. Escher print: Study of the Regular Division of the Plane with Horsemen. Skaalid, Bonnie. Web Design for Instruction. 28 July. 2005. . Softimage-3D Importer - Example Renderings. Okino Computer Graphics. 28 July. 2005. . Tessellation. Weisstein, Eric W. Wolfram Research, Inc. 28 July. 2005. . The Mathematical Art of M.C. Escher. Smith, B. Sidney. Math Academy Online. 20 July. 2005. . The Oldest Escher Collection on the Web. Cordon Art. 28 July. 2005. .

U.s Monetary Policy In 1995 :: essays research papers

U.S Monetary Policy in 1995 When Alan Greenspan presented the Federal Reserve's semi-annual report on monetary policy to the Subcommittee on Domestic and International Monetary Policy, the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, and the U.S. House of Representatives on February, Dr. Greenspan touted a cautionary yet favorable view of the U.S. economy. He states that "With inflationary pressures apparently receding, the previous degree of restraint in monetary policy was no longer deemed necessary, and the FOMC consequently implemented a small reduction in reserve market pressures last July." (Greenspan, 1996, Speech) During the Summer and Fall of 1995, the economy experienced a strengthening of aggregate demand growth. According to Greenspan, this increase in aggregate demand brought finished goods inventories and sales into near equilibrium. The Fed's fine tuning of the economy seemed to be paying off. Greenspan had a positive outlook for the economy for the rest of 1995. He states "the economy, as hoped has moved onto a trajectory that could be maintained--one less steep than in 1994, when the rate of growth was clearly unsustainable, but one that nevertheless would imply continued significant growth and incomes." (Greenspan, 1996, Speech) Towards the end of the year, the economy showed signs of slowing. Fearing a prolonged slowdown or even a recession in the economy, and with inflationary expectations waning, Chairman Greenspan and the Federal Reserve cut rates again in December. (Greenspan, 1996, Speech) There are, of course, critics of 1995's monetary policy. Most of the criticism came in the early part of 1995 when the Fed raised rates again. In the article "Are We Losing Altitude Too Fast" from the May 1, 1995 issue of Time magazine written by John Greenwald, he explains that the economy might not be coming in for a "soft landing" like the fed predicts. Trying to sustain 2 to 3 percent growth might lead us into a recession. Mr. Greenwald explains how the Fed's actions in 1994 and early 1995 has hurt individuals and the economy as a whole. "Corporate layoffs are far from over," says Greenwald, "they generally accelerate when firms find themselves in an economy that is weakening." (Greenwald, Time, 5/1/95, p80) Unemployment and layoffs aren't the only thing to worry about according to Mr. Greenwald. The automobile industry and the housing markets are both getting hit in the pocket books. Paul Speigel, owner of a New York car dealership explains his woes by saying '"We're doing our best to keep up the volume by discounting, working on our customers, but the Fed's rate hikes have dampened the ability of many Chevrolet customers to buy that new vehicle."' John Tuccillo, chief economist for the National Association of Realtors states

A Research on Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Academic Performance

Over the last few years, there has been an increase in the number of high school students who consume alcohol. Based on a study conducted by Harvard School of Public Health (1999), 44% of the students studied consumed alcohol and 23% consumed alcohol frequently.Alcohol consumers are likely to be involved in some alcohol related problems such as violence, car accidents, being injured and likelihood of losing responsibility in school performance. (Pullen, 1994). Alcohol consumption can lead to reduced class attendance, poor performance on tests and projects and inability to concentrate on the class work. The research paper therefore would like to find out whether alcohol consumption among high school students has an effect on academic performance.AbstractThis paper discusses the effects of alcohol consumption on academic performance among high school students. The paper aims at finding whether those students who consume alcohol perform better than the students who do not consume alcoho l and vice versa.Literature reviewAlcohol consumption is among the unhealthy behavior among the high school students that may affect their academic performance. Alcohol consumption is associated with behavioral problems such as poor academic performance.Many researches have been conducted to show the effects of alcohol consumption on academic performance among high school students. (Pullen, 1994).  There are no controlled studies on the effects of alcohol on academic performance. This is because it is illegal to provide alcohol to minors. Research done on adults revealed that alcohol consumption disrupts learning on adults and their ability to remember. However, the effects may be for a short period of time and their severity depends on the frequency of the drinking and the amount of alcohol consumed. (Pullen, 1994).In addition the few correlation studies that have been conducted to find out the relationship between alcohol consumption and academic performance among the high schoo l students has produced results that are inconsistent. (Pullen, 1994).On one side of a   national survey conducted, it revealed that heavy alcohol drinkers had a high likelihood of missing classes, having reduced responsibility on class work and also having poor performance on the tests done and the class projects than non heavy drinkers of alcohol. Other surveys have also revealed that alcohol consumption led to reduced grades in the class work as the students committed few hours on the class. (Pullen, 1994).On the other hand of the survey which was conducted between 3 different learning institutions, they produced varying results. Two of these studies credited that alcohol consumption and academic performance was as a result of differences among the students.There was a strong correlation of 0.32 of students who involved in alcohol consumption and the subsequent academic performance among the 444 in mid western University. However, this correlation was not significant when contr olling for school rank, academic aptitude and other variables. (Pullen, 1994).In the second study, it was revealed that the students involved themselves in heavy drinking but this did not affect the school performance. Centrally, the third study found a negative association between alcohol consumption and poor academic performance among the 754 students in the North Eastern liberal college.TheoryTo show the effects of alcohol consumption on academic performance Grossman model will be employed. This model shows that those individuals who invest less in their early lives’ health will not be productive and will be less successful than those who invest more in their health lives early in their lives. (Pullen, 1994).Basing this prediction to our study, it could therefore be assumed that those people who consume less alcohol in their early lives will be more productive academically than those people who consume a lot of alcohol in their early lives. It would be easy to assume that alcohol consumption reduces the student’s health on a long term basis.A lot of time is lost I alcohol consumption that the students only place less time in their academic work. These short term effects of alcohol could lead to poor academic performance, poor health and disruptive social behavior. (Pullen, 1994).It can therefore be concluded that alcohol has negative effects on academic performance. Students who consume alcohol in the evening have high chances of missing classes, spend little time studying, have poor academic grades and are most likely to experience education related stress. (Pullen, 1994).MethodParticipantsThe study will consist 120 students from the high schools in New Orleans. The rank of the students varied from those in the first years to the senior students in the school. The ages of the students ranged between 14 to 20 years. Both male and female students were included in the study. ProcedureThe study is no experimental in that it uses the correlation d esign to study the academic performance of the students’ inn relation to alcohol consumption.The students will sign up for the study or they will be recruited by the researcher when they attend meetings for the various students groups in the schools with the consent of their teachers. Because of issues of privacy, the students will not be required to sign the consent sheet.The students also will place the filled questionnaires in envelopes that are unmarked and the researcher will debrief them. The questions from the questionnaires will be coded and then analyzed to find out whether there is any relationship between alcohol consumption and academic performance.

My Professional Goals

My long term professional goal is to be a Pediatrics Nurse Practitioner. Being a caring person especially to the children is a part of my personality. I have always loved children and it burdens me whenever I see children sick. Sympathizing will not do any good, I have an urge to do something to cure, prevent and ease their ailments so I concluded that being a Nurse would be the best choice. Every time my children got sick I wish that I could respond not just as a parent who support but a parent who cares. An event that really encouraged me to pursue becoming a Pediatrics Nurse Practitioner is when my two-year old daughter got a second degree burn. She was admitted at the Children’s Hospital in Seattle, WA. I saw the nurses taking care of my daughter more than I could. I am neither intimidated nor jealous of the nurse looking after my daughter. What I felt was guilt. I know that I have the passion for taking care of children. I know that I am capable of being a good nurse. After that event, I made up my mind to I will be a Pediatric Nurse. I am pursuing the nursing field so that I can graduate as a Registered Nurse with Bachelors of Science degree. I will work as a staff nurse, but after about a year I want to choose my specialty as a pediatrics nurse. I am also aiming to apply in a graduate school to achieve my ARNP license and to get my masters degree in Nursing with the specialty of pediatrics. Then I plan to work as a Pediatrics Nurse Practitioner for a hospital or clinic. I have a desire to go in rural areas in able to help more children because medical treatments are limited in such areas. I am hoping to be accepted to the nursing school so that I can achieve my first goal towards success.

Anti-Inflammatory Drug Tests

Anti-Inflammatory Drug Tests The method described by Lorke with slight modification was used to determine the safety of the MEA. Briefly, normal healthy male mice were divided into groups of five mice in each cage. MEA (100 and 1000 mg/kg) or vehicle were intraperitoneally administered. Access to food and water, toxic symptoms and the general behavior of mice were observed continuously for 1 h after the treatment, intermittently for 4 h, and thereafter over a period of 24 h. The mice were further observed for up to 14 days following treatment for any signs of toxicity and mortality. Result Over the study duration of 14 days, there were no deaths recorded in the groups of mice given 100 or 1000 mg/kg IP of MEA. During the observation period, MEA administration did not induce any variations in the general appearance or toxic signs in the animals. The writhing test has long been used as a screening tool for the assessment of analgesic or anti-inflammatory properties of new substances (Collier et al., 1968). This m ethod presents a good sensitivity, although it has poor specificity. To avoid misinterpretation of the results, in the present study the antinociceptive effects of MEA were confirmed in the formalin test, a model of inflammatory pain which has two distinctive phases which may indicate different types of pain (Hunskaar and Hole, 1987). The early and late phases of formalin test have obvious differential properties, and therefore this test is useful not only for assessing the analgesic substances, but also for elucidating the mechanism of analgesia (Shibata et al., 1989). The early phase,  named non-inflammatory pain, is a result of direct stimulation of nociceptors and reflects centrally-mediated pain; the late phase,  named inflammatory pain, is caused by local inflammation with a release of inflammatory and hyperalgesic mediators (Hunskaar  and Hole, 1987). The thermal model of the tail-flick test is considered to be a spinal reflex, but could also involve higher neural struc tures, and therefore this method identifies mainly central analgesics (Jensen and Yaksh, 1986; Le Bars et al., 2001). Due to their implication in virtually all human and animal diseases, inflammation and pain have become the focus of global scientific research. Adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids have necessitated the search for new drugs with minimal side effects (Dharmasiri et al.,2003; Vittalrao et al., 2011). The current trend of research is the investigation of medicines of plant origin because of their affordability and accessibility with minimal side effects. The thermal model of the tail-flick test is considered to be a spinal reflex, but could also involve higher neural structures, and therefore this method identifies mainly central analgesics (Jensen and Yaksh, 1986; Le Bars et al., 2001). The analgesic activity of Cyathula prostrata in this study was investigated using the hot plate and mouse writhing tests. The hot plate test is useful for the evaluation of centrally acting analgesics which are known to elevate the pain threshold of mice towards  heat (Hiruma-Lima et al., 2000). It also indicates narcotic involvement with opioid receptor (Turner, 1965). The writhing model is a sensitive method for screening peripheral analgesic efficacy agents and it is more sensitive to non-steroidal analgesics (Collier et al., 1963). The analgesic effect of acetic acid is due to the liberation and increased level of several mediators such as histamine and serotonin which act by stimulation of peripheral nociceptive neurons (Cui et al., 2010).

Tillies - Marketing Plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tillies - Marketing Plan - Term Paper Example p to clients to all beach events including beach parties and theme nights Establish presence on social media including Twitter and Facebook Establish an employee training program by arranging workshops with foreign trainers Implement an electronic customer feedback system Establish employee rewards and discount program after one year of service Purpose Tillie’s Day Spa seeks to offer a wide-range of tailor-made spa services by foreign qualified and certified professionals for all generations, primarily those between 25-45 years of age. Marketing efforts shall be aimed at providing a glamorous decor with special lighting, textiles and music in the spa tents/rooms along with aroma therapies with scented, exotic candles and 100% natural lotions and oils. Picture Tillie’s Day Spa will attract its clients through social media, hotel referrals as well as wedding planners to try its services. Upon reaching the venue the customer is welcomed by female dancers from around the wo rld with specific days allocated to each type of dance. For instance, African dance will be held on Mondays whereas, belly dancing on Saturdays. The customer chooses with room to enjoy the spa services in, depending on his/her preferences and mood. Upon leaving with a look as fresh as a flower the customer returns and brings along her co-workers and neighbors for company as well as earning the reward points that will be added to her loyalty card upon the number of referrals she makes. This way the customer base expands as the elites and executive women continue to pour in to enjoy this high-end, sophisticated ambience. Staff shall greet these women with smiling faces and a glass of their favorite cocktail drink and escort them to their rooms. Special attention shall be paid to cleanliness. However, the staff shall not be dressed in uniform but as per the respective themes that will vary on a daily basis. These themes include African, American, Thai, Arabian and various others. Gap D ashboard The Gap Dashboard shall be used to address primary goals that will form the basis of marketing, tactical, strategic and personal decisions. Some tactical goals, however, shall not be tracked via this dashboard but through the Milestones chart. Key marketing metrics shall be accounted for by the Gap Dashboard every 3 months during the first year and bi-annually thereafter. Hence, actual results shall be compared against these goals to observe any variances. Marketing goals primarily include revenue and sales maximization of Tillie’s Day Spa along with the attainment of high customer return rate in a period of 3 years. The strategic goal of becoming a top quality day spa in Virginia shall be measured by attestation of ASQ Certification. Personal goals shall pertain to the increased involvement of the CEO in marketing activities, most importantly establishing PR with hotels and high-end restaurants. The following tactical goals shall be measured quantitatively: Ideal Cu stomer Day Spas usually have a